Chapter 18
23. Which of the following hormones is synthesized by the hypothalamus? A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) B. MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) C. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) E. T3 and T4
A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
61. Which of the following is NOT an action of parathyroid hormone? A. Decreases the release of phosphate from bone. B. Stimulates osteoclast activity resulting in the release of calcium. C. Stimulates increased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. D. Stimulates absorption of calcium from the small intestine
A. Decreases the release of phosphate from bone.
53. Which of the following events occurs last? A. Enzymes break down thyroglobulin to release T3 and T4. B. T3 and T4 are stored within thyroid follicles. C. Iodine is bound to tyrosine molecules of thyroglobulin. D. Thyroglobulin is taken into thyroid cells by endocytosis. E. Iodide is actively transported into thyroid follicle cells.
A. Enzymes break down thyroglobulin to release T3 and T4.
44. Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by A. LH (luteinizing hormone). B. MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone). C. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). E. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone).
A. LH (luteinizing hormone).
32. Anterior pituitary hormones A. are all proteins or glycoproteins. B. are transported in the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. C. bind to intracellular receptor molecules. D. have a half-life of hours. E. are released as a direct result of action potentials.
A. are all proteins or glycoproteins.
22. What role does oxytocin play in lactation? A. ejection of milk B. production of milk C. storage of milk D. stop production of milk
A. ejection of milk
6. The embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary gland is A. epithelium from the oral cavity. B. nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. C. an outpocket of the nasal cavity. D. glandular tissue from the cerebrum.
A. epithelium from the oral cavity.
93. Which of the following would NOT affect blood glucose levels? A. fat content of a meal B. gastrointestinal hormones C. breakdown of glycogen D. autonomic nervous system E. protein content of a meal
A. fat content of a meal
8. The posterior pituitary A. has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus. B. is controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus. C. produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. D. stores lipotropins. E. is not related to fluid balance in the body.
A. has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
83. A function of insulin is to A. increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. B. decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues. C. increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle. D. increase breakdown of fats. E. increase gluconeogenesis.
A. increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
27. Urine volume ____ when ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion decreases. A. increases B. decreases C. is not affected D. declines E. None of these choices are correct.
A. increases
35. Growth hormone A. increases amino acid uptake in cells. B. decreases the use of fat as an energy source. C. decreases the synthesis and storage of glycogen. D. increases the use of glucose for energy. E. facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells.
A. increases amino acid uptake in cells.
84. High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of A. insulin. B. calcitonin. C. erythropoietin. D. glucagon. E. growth hormone.
A. insulin.
40. Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids? A. lipotropins B. somatotropins C. gonadotropins D. thyrotropins E. fatotropins
A. lipotropins
52. In the blood, A. most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). B. T3 and T4 are rapidly metabolized. C. T3 is converted into T4. D. T3 but not T4 is bound to TSH. E. most thyroid hormones are transported in a free form.
A. most T3 and T4 molecules are found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG).
30. Oxytocin release is stimulated by A. nursing a baby. B. increased blood pressure. C. increased urine output. D. a hypothalamic-releasing hormone. E. increased blood osmolality.
A. nursing a baby.
68. The adrenal medulla A. plays a role in the adaptation of the body for physical activity. B. decreases its secretions during stress. C. has acetylcholine as its major secretory product. D. is stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. E. is the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
A. plays a role in the adaptation of the body for physical activity.
75. The glucocorticoids A. stimulate gluconeogenesis. B. increase the inflammatory response. C. supplement the sex hormones from the gonads. D. decrease synthesis of glycogen. E. stimulate glycogenolysis.
A. stimulate gluconeogenesis.
45. Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the A. thyroid gland. B. pancreas isles of Langerhans in the pancreas. C. parathyroid gland. D. adrenal medulla. E. kidney.
A. thyroid gland.
57. Which of the following characteristics is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones? A. weight gain B. exophthalmos C. warm, flushed skin D. increased heart rate E. weight loss
A. weight gain
24. If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame, A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion increases. B. ADH secretion decreases. C. there is no effect on ADH secretion. D. ADH secretion stops. E. None of these choices are correct.
B. ADH secretion decreases.
87. Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true? A. Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct. B. Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans. C. The pancreas is located above the liver. D. The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis. E. Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini.
B. Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans.
69. Which of the following is true? A. The effects of epinephrine are long-lasting (days to weeks). B. Epinephrine increases blood pressure. C. Epinephrine decreases heart rate. D. Epinephrine increases GI tract activity. E. Epinephrine is a chemical of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B. Epinephrine increases blood pressure.
78. If both ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and cortisol levels increase, which of the following would occur? A. ACTH production is increased even more by positive feedback. B. High cortisol levels will begin to cause ACTH levels to decline. C. High ACTH levels will begin to cause cortisol levels to decline. D. Aldosterone levels will increase. E. None of these choices are correct.
B. High cortisol levels will begin to cause ACTH levels to decline.
43. Which hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum? A. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) B. LH (luteinizing hormone) C. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) D. prolactin E. MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone)
B. LH (luteinizing hormone)
1. Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system? A. Regulates water balance by controlling the solute concentration of the blood. B. Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength. C. Regulates satiation and the breakdown of food into individual nutrients. D. Regulates the rate of metabolism. E. Regulates the levels of nutrients such as glucose in the blood.
B. Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength.
95. Which of the following helps to keep blood nutrients at normal levels six to eight hours after a meal? A. parasympathetic stimulation of the pancreas B. breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose C. increased production of insulin by the pancreas D. increased glucose uptake by cells E. glycogen synthesis
B. breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose
39. Which of the following is NOT a description of acromegaly? A. enlargement of feet, hands and face B. chronic hypoglycemia C. no height increase D. broad nose and enlarged tongue
B. chronic hypoglycemia
17. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes A. increased urine output. B. constriction of blood vessels. C. increased potassium secretion by the kidneys. D. decreased sodium retention by the kidneys. E. dilation of blood vessels.
B. constriction of blood vessels.
63. Overall, PTH (parathyroid hormone) _____ blood phosphate levels. A. increases B. decreases C. elevates D. enhances E. has no effect on
B. decreases
46. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the release of A. prolactin and oxytocin. B. follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. C. estrogen and testosterone. D. progesterone and prolactin. E. thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
B. follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
85. Which of the following is NOT a type of cell found in the pancreas? A. acinar cells B. gamma cells C. delta cells D. alpha cells E. beta cells
B. gamma cells
36. Which of the following will inhibit the secretion of growth hormone? A. growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) C. somatomedins D. a posterior pituitary-inhibiting hormone E. T3 and T4
B. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
55. John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are A. lower in the winter to conserve body heat. B. higher in the winter to increase body temperature. C. lowered in the summer after his job to decrease body temperature. D. increased in the summer after his job to increase body temperature. E. unaffected by his job.
B. higher in the winter to increase body temperature.
56. Increased metabolic activity and weight loss are associated with A. lack of iodine in the diet. B. hyperthyroidism. C. too little TSH. D. cretinism. E. hypothyroidism.
B. hyperthyroidism.
15. Releasing hormones A. travel through axons to the posterior pituitary. B. increase anterior pituitary secretion. C. cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. D. decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary
B. increase anterior pituitary secretion.
97. During exercise, the energy necessary to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from A. increased insulin production. B. increased epinephrine and glucagon release. C. decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. D. storing glucose as glycogen. E. conservation of glucose.
B. increased epinephrine and glucagon release.
28. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) A. is produced by cells of the anterior pituitary. B. is stored and released from the posterior pituitary. C. has the uterus as its primary target. D. travels on axons to its target tissue. E. travels in the blood from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
B. is stored and released from the posterior pituitary.
91. Glucagon primarily influences cells of the A. brain. B. liver. C. kidneys. D. smooth muscle. E. pancreas.
B. liver.
72. The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are A. glucocorticoids. B. mineralocorticoids. C. androgens. D. catecholamines. E. cortisol and ADH.
B. mineralocorticoids.
5. The embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary gland is A. epithelium from the oral cavity. B. nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus. C. an outpocket of the nasal cavity. D. glandular tissue from the cerebrum.
B. nervous tissue from the area of the hypothalamus.
12. Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary is controlled by A. hormones of the thalamus. B. neurohormones of the hypothalamus. C. itself (anterior pituitary) because it is the master gland of the body. D. the overall rate of metabolism. E. neurons from the hypothalamus.
B. neurohormones of the hypothalamus.
67. Which of these hormones is NOT secreted by the adrenal cortex? A. cortisol B. norepinephrine C. androgens D. aldosterone E. glucocorticoids
B. norepinephrine
26. A person working outside in the hot sun can perspire a great deal. This increase in perspiration results in an increase in water loss from the body. Increased water loss causes the blood osmolality to increase. This increased osmolality is "sensed" by the A. kidneys. B. osmoreceptors. C. cerebral cortex. D. anterior pituitary. E. baroreceptors.
B. osmoreceptors.
11. The hypothalamohypophysial tract connects the hypothalamus to the A. anterior pituitary. B. posterior pituitary. C. adenohypophysis. D. infundibulum.
B. posterior pituitary.
60. The rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when A. serum calcium levels increase. B. serum calcium levels decrease. C. serum levels of TSH decrease. D. serum levels of TSH increase. E. serum levels of sodium levels increase.
B. serum calcium levels decrease.
79. Adrenal androgens A. are produced in the adrenal medulla. B. stimulate growth of pubic hair in females. C. reduce the inflammatory response. D. cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney. E. decrease the sex drive.
B. stimulate growth of pubic hair in females.
19. An increase in ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will cause A. the intestines to absorb more water. B. the kidney tubules to retain more water. C. a person to drink more water. D. All of the choices could occur.
B. the kidney tubules to retain more water
89. Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low A. the person feels "full" or satisfied. B. the person is intensely hungry. C. the person is thirsty. D. the person is sleepy. E. there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings.
B. the person is intensely hungry.
58. Which of the following is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels? A. thyroglobulin in thyroid follicles B. thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary C. positive feedback mechanisms D. parathyroid hormone levels E. blood calcium levels
B. thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
14. Arrange the following in the sequence in which releasing hormones travel through them. (1) secondary capillary network (2) primary capillary network (3) hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 2, 1 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 3, 1, 2 E. 2, 1, 3
C. 2, 3, 1
41. Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary? A. ADH B. prolactin C. FSH D. ACTH E. LH
C. FSH
2. Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of the endocrine system? A. Regulates the rate of metabolism. B. Controls development and functions of the reproductive system. C. Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear. D. Prepares the body for physical activity and stress. E. Regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
C. Regulates equilibrium and balance from the inner ear.
98. Insulin shock occurs when there is A. damage to pancreatic beta cells. B. too much glucagon available. C. a rapid fall in the blood sugar level. D. overstimulation of alpha cells. E. not enough glucagon available.
C. a rapid fall in the blood sugar level.
65. Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood calcium levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to A. thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery. B. damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. C. accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. D. improper laboratory handling of blood samples. E. post-traumatic stress disorder.
C. accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery.
16. Hormones are released from the posterior pituitary when posterior pituitary cells are stimulated by A. hypothalamic releasing hormones. B. hormones from the anterior pituitary. C. action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. D. the primary capillary network. E. the sympathetic nervous system.
C. action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons.
66. The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the A. thyroid glands. B. vestibular glands. C. adrenal glands. D. parathyroid glands. E. renal glands.
C. adrenal glands.
62. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. tends to inhibit osteoclasts. B. decreases blood calcium levels. C. allows the kidneys to retain calcium. D. increases calcium excretion by the intestine. E. stimulates kidneys to excrete calcium
C. allows the kidneys to retain calcium.
86. Which pancreatic cells is correctly matched to its secretion? A. beta cells - digestive enzymes B. acini cells - somatostatin C. alpha cells - glucagon D. delta cells - insulin
C. alpha cells - glucagon
47. Osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus are involved in the secretion of A. growth hormone. B. aldosterone. C. antidiuretic hormone. D. adrenocorticotropic hormone. E. parathyroid hormone.
C. antidiuretic hormone.
64. In hypocalcemia, A. incidence of bone fractures increases. B. muscular weakness is common. C. cardiac arrhythmias occur. D. constipation becomes a problem. E. the nervous system becomes depressed.
C. cardiac arrhythmias occur.
13. A function of the hypothalamohypophysial tract is to A. move ADH from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. B. move releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. C. carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary causing the release of oxytocin. D. cause the release of insulin from the anterior pituitary. E. form a vascular connection from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
C. carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary causing the release of oxytocin.
74. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands secretes the hormone A. androstenedione. B. aldosterone. C. cortisol. D. epinephrine. E. ADH.
C. cortisol.
77. Which of the following situations might be the result of hypersecretion of glucocorticoids? A. weight loss B. hypoglycemia C. depression of the immune response D. increased plasma levels of ACTH E. proteins and fats are unused
C. depression of the immune response
92. In gluconeogenesis A. glucose is used for energy. B. glycogen is broken down to glucose. C. glucose is formed from amino acids. D. glycogen is synthesized from excess glucose. E. glucose is formed from fatty acids.
C. glucose is formed from amino acids.
73. A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessively high levels of aldosterone. The high aldosterone levels cause A. hyponatremia. B. acidosis. C. hypokalemia. D. hypocalcemia. E. hyperkalemia.
C. hypokalemia.
9. The hypothalamohypophysial portal system carries hormones from the A. anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. B. posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. C. hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. D. hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. E. anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary.
C. hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
33. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized by the ____ while TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is synthesized by the ____. A. kidney; thyroid B. posterior pituitary; thyroid C. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary D. kidney; anterior pituitary E. posterior pituitary; hypothalamus
C. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
70. An injection of epinephrine would A. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and increase gastric tract motility. B. decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, and increase gastric tract motility. C. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility. D. decrease heart rate, decrease gastric motility, and increase blood pressure. E. have no effect on the heart or the GI tract.
C. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility.
18. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is secreted in response to A. overhydration. B. increased volume of the body fluids. C. increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids. D. high blood pressure. E. increased blood volume.
C. increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids.
76. Which of the following will decrease glucocorticoid secretion by the adrenal cortex? A. hypoglycemia and stress B. increased CRH production C. increased plasma levels of cortisol D. increased plasma levels of ACTH E. decreased plasma levels of cortisol
C. increased plasma levels of cortisol
50. Which of the following ions is necessary for thyroid hormone production? A. potassium B. calcium C. iodine D. sodium E. chlorine
C. iodine
7. The two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the A. infundibulum and neurohypophysis. B. pars nervosa and pars tuberalis. C. neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. D. adenohypophysis and infundibulum. E. infundibulum and hypothalamohypophysial portal system
C. neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis.
82. Which of the following glands is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland? A. thyroid gland B. adrenal gland C. pancreas D. parathyroid gland E. pituitary gland
C. pancreas
20. A decrease in blood volume will result in A. decreased blood pressure. B. increased ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion. C. decreased urine volume. D. All of the choices will occur.
D. All of the choices will occur.
81. What condition may be the cause of hyperglycemia, depressed immune system, and redistribution of fats from limbs to the face, neck, and abdomen? A. Addison disease B. hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids C. hyposecretion of cortisol D. Cushing syndrome
D. Cushing syndrome
31. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary? A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) B. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) C. CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) D. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) E. oxytocin
D. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
38. Chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone as a child would result in A. pituitary dwarfism. B. acromegaly. C. myxedema. D. giantism.
D. giantism.
94. Increased insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in increased A. fat catabolism. B. glycogenolysis. C. gluconeogenesis. D. glycogen synthesis. E. release of glucose into the circulatory system.
D. glycogen synthesis.
80. What condition could have the following symptoms: polyuria, acidosis, hyponatremia, and tetany of skeletal muscles? A. hyposecretion of glucocorticoids B. hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids C. hyposecretion of androgens D. hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids
D. hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids
99. Which of the following is NOT an effect of dropping blood glucose levels, 1-2 hours after a meal? A. increased sympathetic stimulation causes insulin secretion to decrease B. decreasing blood nutrient levels cause increased growth hormone secretion C. decreasing blood nutrient levels cause increased cortisol secretion D. increasing parasympathetic stimulation causes increased glucagon secretion
D. increasing parasympathetic stimulation causes increased glucagon secretion
4. The connecting stalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is the A. tectum. B. cerebral peduncle. C. hippocampus. D. infundibulum.
D. infundibulum.
88. When blood sugar levels decrease, A. insulin and glucagon secretion increase. B. insulin and glucagon secretion decrease. C. insulin secretion increases; glucagon secretion decreases. D. insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases. E. there is no change in insulin or glucagon levels.
D. insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases.
10. The hypothalamohypophysial tract carries A. neurohormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. B. neurohormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. C. neurons from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. D. neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. E. neurons from the anterior pituitary to posterior pituitary.
D. neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
21. Which hormone is sometimes given to women to induce labor? A. glucagon B. prolactin C. progesterone D. oxytocin E. estrogen
D. oxytocin
37. If GH (growth hormone) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will A. develop acromegaly as an adult. B. mature sexually at an earlier age. C. be in constant danger of dehydration. D. probably experience reduced bone growth. E. probably experience increased bone growth.
D. probably experience reduced bone growth.
3. The hypothalamus A. rests in the sella turcica. B. is also called the neurohypophysis. C. is located inferior to the pituitary gland. D. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland. E. is located superior to the thalamus.
D. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland
59. Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone? A. thyroid B. blood C. pancreas D. small intestine E. stomach
D. small intestine
51. T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of thyroid follicles as part of the _____ molecule. A. thyrotropin B. thyroid-stimulating hormone C. thyroxine-binding protein D. thyroglobulin E. calcitonin
D. thyroglobulin
100. Which gland does NOT produce reproductive hormones? A. ovaries B. testes C. placenta D. thyroid E. pituitary gland
D. thyroid
48. Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos? A. parathyroid hormone B. estrogen C. cortisol D. thyroid hormone E. growth hormone
D. thyroid hormone
96. A person with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) forgets to take their insulin. This causes A. alkalosis. B. hypoglycemia. C. decreased urine production. D. decreased appetite. E. hyperglycemia.
E hyperglycemia.
25. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion will increase when A. blood osmolality increases. B. blood pressure increases. C. blood volume increases. D. blood pressure decreases. E. Both blood osmolality increases and blood pressure decreases are correct.
E. Both blood osmolality increases and blood pressure decreases are correct.
42. During a race, a long-distance runner twisted his ankle. He finished the race without feeling any pain in his ankle. This lack of the perception of pain could be the result of an increase in A. gonadotropins. B. lipotropins. C. somatotropins. D. epinephrine. E. beta endorphins.
E. beta endorphins.
54. Thyroid hormone interacts with its target tissue by A. using the intracellular mediator system. B. binding to a membrane bound receptor. C. increasing iodine uptake in the target cells. D. releasing thyroglobulin. E. binding to receptor molecules in the nucleus.
E. binding to receptor molecules in the nucleus.
29. Oxytocin is responsible for A. preventing release of insulin from the pancreas. B. preventing the formation of goiters. C. milk production by the mammary glands. D. regulating blood calcium levels. E. causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
E. causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
90. Which of the following occurs when insulin molecules bind to their receptors on target cells? A. increased mRNA synthesis in the target cells B. minimal uptake of glucose by target cells C. phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells D. increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose E. phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells and increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose
E. phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells and increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose
34. Which gland is located in the sella turcica? A. thymus B. adrenal C. pineal D. hypothalamus E. pituitary (hypophysis)
E. pituitary (hypophysis)
49. Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle? A. walls contain a single layer of parafollicular cells B. center is called the isthmus C. stores thyroid hormone D. small capillary networks E. spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
E. spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
71. The primary stimulus for release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from A. the kidneys. B. aldosterone. C. the anterior pituitary. D. the parasympathetic nervous system. E. the sympathetic nervous system.
E. the sympathetic nervous system.
