Chapter 18

A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type _____ and both children are most likely _____. A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive B. A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative C. O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative D. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative E. AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive

A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive

_____________ is not found in plasma. A. Glycogen B. Fibrinogen C. Glucose D. Urea E. Albumin

A. Glycogen

Anemia has these potential consequences except A. blood viscosity is increased. B. the individual is lethargic. C. blood osmolarity is reduced. D. blood resistance to flow is reduced. E. more fluid transfers from the bloodstream to the intercellular spaces.

A. blood viscosity is increased.

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of __________. A. fibrinogen B. nitrogenous wastes C. platelets D. glucose E. albumin

A. fibrinogen

RhoGAM is an antibody given to Rh- women who give birth to Rh+ children. RhoGAM is what type of plasma protein? A. gamma (γ) globulin B. beta (β) globulin C. alpha (α) globulin D. fibrinogen E. albumin

A. gamma (γ) globulin

The ABO blood group is determined by _____________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs. A. glycolipids B. glycoproteins C. antibodies D. antigen-antibody complexes E. agglutinins

A. glycolipids

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except A. increased hypoxemia. B. increased blood osmolarity. C. increased RBC production. D. increased blood viscosity. E. increased hematocrit.

A. increased hypoxemia.

Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of A. pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs). B. precursor cells. C. colony-forming units (CFUs). D. myeloblasts. E. lymphoblasts.

A. pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs).

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except A. the presence of tissue thromboplastin. B. the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels. C. the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate. D. the presence of antithrombin in plasma. E. the presence of heparin in plasma.

A. the presence of tissue thromboplastin.

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the ____________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) ______________. A. thrombus; embolus B. embolism; thrombus C. plaque; thrombus D. thrombosis; plaque E. plaque; embolus

A. thrombus; embolus

_____________ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood. A. Severe liver failure B. A diet predominantly based on red meat C. Starvation D. An extremely low-protein diet E. Hypoproteinemia

B. A diet predominantly based on red meat

Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____________ and can receive RBCs of type ___________. A. O; AB B. AB; O C. A; B D. B; A E. O; O

B. AB; O

An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has _____ antigen(s) and can produce anti-_____ antibody(ies). A. A and D; B B. B and D; A C. B; A and D D. A; B and D E. D; A and B

B. B and D; A

___________ aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant). A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Neutrophils D. Platelets E. Monocytes

B. Basophils

___________ is a protein not commonly found in plasma. A. Albumin B. Hemoglobin C. Transferrin D. Prothrombin E. Fibrinogen

B. Hemoglobin

This figure shows the formed elements of blood. What does "7" represent? A. a monocyte B. a lymphocyte C. a neutrophil D. an eosinophil E. a basophil

B. a lymphocyte

These are the least abundant formed elements. A. platelets B. basophils C. erythrocytes D. neutrophils E. eosinophils

B. basophils

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin? A. biliverdin B. bilirubin C. globin D. heme E. iron

B. bilirubin

Thromboplastin A. initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. B. initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. C. converts prothrombin into thrombin. D. acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss. E. dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.

B. initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

All these can lead to polycythemia except A. cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow. B. iron deficiency. C. dehydration. D. emphysema. E. excessive aerobic exercise.

B. iron deficiency.

Platelets do not secrete A. procoagulants (clotting factors). B. thrombopoietin. C. growth factors. D. vasoconstrictors. E. chemicals that attract neutrophils.

B. thrombopoietin.

A total count above ____________ WBCs/μL is called leukocytosis. A. 100,000 B. 50,000 C. 10,000 D. 5,000 E. 1,000

C. 10,000

The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is A. AB, Rh-negative. B. AB, Rh-positive. C. O, Rh-negative. D. O, Rh-positive. E. ABO, Rh-negative.

C. O, Rh-negative.

______________ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below. A. High altitude B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide C. Renal disease D. Smoking E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemiaD. Smoking E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

C. Renal disease

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by A. soluble fibrinogen. B. soluble fibrin. C. a fibrin polymer. D. a fibrinogen polymer. E. a thrombin polymer.

C. a fibrin polymer.

The buffy coat does not contain A. lymphocytes. B. granulocytes. C. erythrocytes. D. agranulocytes. E. platelets.

C. erythrocytes.

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called A. vascular spasm. B. homeostasis. C. hemostasis. D. platelet plug formation. E. blood clotting (coagulation).

C. hemostasis.

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the A. thymus. B. spleen. C. red bone marrow. D. yellow bone marrow. E. liver.

C. red bone marrow.

Many RBCs die in the A. stomach and small intestine. B. red bone marrow. C. spleen and liver. D. lymph nodes and thymus. E. stomach and liver.

C. spleen and liver.

A deficiency of _____________ can cause pernicious anemia. A. vitamin C B. iron C. vitamin B12 D. EPO secretion E. folic acid

C. vitamin B12

_____________ is the most abundant protein in plasma. A. Insulin B. Creatine C. Bilirubin D. Albumin E. Creatinine

D. Albumin

__________________ participates in the extrinsic mechanism only. A. Calcium B. Prothrombin activator C. Prothrombin D. Thromboplastin E. Thrombin

D. Thromboplastin

Sickle-cell disease is not A. caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin. B. a hereditary hemoglobin defect. C. advantageous to protect carriers against malaria. D. a cause of malaria. E. a cause of anemia.

D. a cause of malaria.

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by A. a self-amplifying mechanism. B. an enzymatic amplification. C. a positive feedback loop. D. a negative feedback loop. E. a cascade effect.

D. a negative feedback loop.

All these can cause leukopenia except A. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). B. lead poisoning. C. radiation therapy. D. dehydration. E. immunosuppressant drugs.

D. dehydration.

The viscosity of blood is due more to _____________ than to any other factor. A. fibrin B. albumin C. sodium D. erythrocytes E. nitrogenous wastes

D. erythrocytes

If all the molecules of hemoglobin contained in RBCs were free in the plasma, A. it would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity. B. it would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries. C. it would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries. D. it would significantly increase blood osmolarity. E. it would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.

D. it would significantly increase blood osmolarity.

These are the most abundant agranulocytes. A. macrophages B. eosinophils C. monocytes D. lymphocytes E. neutrophils

D. lymphocytes

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by A. prothrombin. B. thromboplastin. C. kallikrein. D. plasmin. E. platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).

D. plasmin.

Blood does not A. transport a variety of nutrients. B. help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids. C. participate in the initiation of blood clotting. D. produce plasma hormones. E. help to regulate body temperature.

D. produce plasma hormones.

The hematocrit is ____________ of the total blood volume. A. less than 1% B. 47% to 63% C. 25% to 37% D. 42% to 45% E. 37% to 52%

E. 37% to 52%

Type AB blood has ____________ RBC antigen(s). A. no B. anti-A and anti-B C. anti-A D. anti-B E. A and B

E. A and B

The main reason why an individual AB, Rh-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, Rhpositive is because A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient. B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor. C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient. D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient. E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.

E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.

Some lymphocytes can survive for A. days. B. weeks. C. months. D. years. E. decades.

E. decades.

Most oxygen is transported bound to A. the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. B. alpha chains in hemoglobin. C. beta chains in hemoglobin. D. delta chains in hemoglobin. E. heme groups in hemoglobin.

E. heme groups in hemoglobin.

Most clotting factors are synthesized in the A. spleen. B. red bone marrow. C. perivascular tissue. D. kidneys. E. liver.

E. liver.

The differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections. A. basophils B. monocytes C. erythrocytes D. eosinophils E. neutrophils

E. neutrophils

Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. A. heparin B. thrombin C. thromboplastin D. prostacyclin E. serotonin

E. serotonin

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when A. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high. B. there is hyperproteinemia. C. the concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high. D. hematocrit is high. E. there is a dietary protein deficiency.

E. there is a dietary protein deficiency.

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and A. defend the body against pathogens. B. initiate blood clotting. C. regulate erythropoiesis. D. transport nutrients. E. transport some carbon dioxide.

E. transport some carbon dioxide.

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B.

False

Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.

False

Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.

False

Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.

False

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.

False

Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.

False

Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

False

After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.

True

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

True

Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs' antigens.

True

Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.

True

Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.

True

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.

True

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.

True

The most important components of the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase.

True