Chapter 18 Endocrine system
57) The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones?
D) 9
91) Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
D) tyrosine.
19) When adenyl cyclase is activated,
E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
46) All of the following are true of oxytocin except?
E) It is stored in the anterior pituitary.
67) All of the following are functions of LH except
E) stimulating follicle development.
50) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
B) ACTH.
38) Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
B) ADH.
83) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.
B) calcitonin; osteoclasts
32) Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes are all examples of
B) eicosanoids.
42) Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
C) gigantism.
63) Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in
C) hypogonadism.
84) Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
C) in the follicle cavity
88) Which of the following is not an action of TSH?
C) inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
104) The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
C) mineralocorticoids.
97) Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
C) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
47) Growth hormone does all of the following except
C) promote cortisol release.
90) The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone.
B) follicles
23) If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?
B) glucagon
103) The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces
B) glucocorticoids.
79) Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
B) hypothyroidism.
100) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
76) Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
B) iodine
77) Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?
B) osteoclasts
45) Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis except
B) oxytocin.
66) Milk production is stimulated by ________, milk ejection is stimulated by ________.
B) prolactin; oxytocin
93) Follicle cells synthesize a protein called
B) thyroglobulin.
71) Identify the hormone labeled "4." A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin E) calcitonin
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone
80) The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
B) thyroxine.
69) Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are
B) tropic.
5) Which of the following is not true regarding target cells?
C) They are associated with synapses.
60) The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
C) adenohypophysis.
92) The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are
C) all cells of the body.
30) Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as
C) amplification.
14) Steroid hormones
C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
98) Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
C) build up bone.
81) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
C) calcitonin.
82) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
C) calcitonin.
9) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
C) calmodulin.
70) Hypophyseal portal system capillaries are
C) fenestrated.
24) Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of
D) cAMP.
25) The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion. This complex can then activate enzymes.
D) calmodulin
10) Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger?
D) cyclic AMP
6) Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
20) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
D) gene transcription is initiated.
43) Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
D) growth hormone
35) The most complex endocrine responses involve the
D) hypothalamus.
28) One cause for insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes is
D) insulin receptor down-regulation.
99) The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
D) parathyroid hormone.
65) The pituitary gland is located within this structure.
D) sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
48) Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
D) somatomedins.
27) Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.
D) target
12) Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except
D) testosterone.
95) Thyroid hormone may increase cellular ATP production by binding to
D) the mitochondria.
1) Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?
E) It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.
37) If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?
E) TSH, ACTH, PRL
16) Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except
E) acetylcholine derivatives.
49) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
A) TSH.
4) A hormone might A) alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.
A) alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.
11) All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
A) are produced by the adrenal medulla.
21) The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors?
A) blood level of an ion like calcium
26) Receptors for ________, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells.
A) catecholamines
7) Peptide hormones are
A) composed of amino acids.
34) The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.
A) endocrine
86) The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.
A) endocrine
96) If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ________ and that plasma thyroxine levels would be ________.
A) high; low
68) A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except
A) hypercortisolism.
41) The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
A) increased water conservation by kidneys.
89) The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the
A) isthmus.
36) Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results?
A) loss of ADH secretion
101) A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to
A) osteoporosis and kidney stones.
58) The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
A) oxytocin.
8) A kinase is an enzyme that performs
A) phosphorylation.
56) The term used to describe excess production of urine is A) polyuria.
A) polyuria.
31) Intracellular calcium stores open in response to intracellular activation of
A) protein kinase C, diacylglycerol, and inositol triphosphate.
61) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis, the pars intermedia, and the pars
A) tuberalis.
64) Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone.
A)ADH
102) The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
A)androgens
3) ________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
A) Hormones
40) Neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
C) ADH and oxytocin.
51) The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
C) FSH.
94) The majority of thyroid hormones are secreted as ________ but small amounts of ________ is also secreted from the follicle.
C) T4; T3
2) Endocrine cells
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.
15) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
39) The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by
C) secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.
33) Which hormone is not correctly matched?
C) testosterone: amino acid derivative
87) Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
C) thyroid gland.
55) After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
D) ADH
29) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism of hormone action?
D) Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.
52) The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
D) LH.
44) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
D) MSH.
18) The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
D) a G protein.
13) Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
78) All of the following are known effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues except
E) decreased cellular metabolism.
62) Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
E) gonadotropins.
54) The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
E) growth hormone.
22) Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
E) insulin and epinephrine
59) The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
E) neurohypophysis.
53) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
E) prolactin.
85) TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.
E) synthesis and release
17) Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except
E) thickness of the plasma membrane.