Chapter 18 FINAL!

What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

Why do scientists avoid using common names when discussing organisms.

Because common names vary among languages and even among regions within a single country.

What criteria are used to classify an organism?

Evolutionary relationships are used as well as structural similarities of the organisms.

How are the members of the kingdom Fungi different from members of the kingdom Plantae? How are members of the two kingdoms similar?

Fungi are heterotrophic; Plantae are autotrophic. Both are nonmotile.

What are the seven taxonomic categories of Linnaeus's classification system? Rank these taxa in hierarchical order, beginning with the largest level and ending with the smallest.

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

How are genes used to help scientists classify organisms?

Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to establish similarities between them and reconstruct possible evolutionary relationships.

Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.

The goal of evolutionary classification is to group organisms based on their evolutionary history instead of grouping only according to physical similarities.

Describe the relationship between evolutionary time and the similarity of genes in two species.

The longer it has been since two species descended from a common ancestor, the more different their genes are likely to be.

What is binomial nomenclature?

a two-word naming system

A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a

derived character

The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the

kingdom

The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is

taxonomy