Chapter 18 Glaciers Quiz
What are three examples of islands of the Arctic Ocean with ice caps?
1. Iceland 2. Baffin Islands 3. Spitsbergen
Continental glaciers occur very close to the polar regions where snow ________ has a chance to melt. It even snows in the ________. It is always cold!
Continental glaciers occur very close to the polar regions where snow NEVER has a chance to melt. It even snows in the SUMMER. It is always cold!
True or false: Firn is fluffy
FALSE!!
True or false: Firn is solid ice
FALSE!!
Eventually as snow builds up it becomes compressed and eventually recrystallizes because of overlying weight and turns into a rough, granular type of ice called ______.
FIRN
Continental Glaciers=glaciers that cover a large part of a ___________.
Glaciers that cover a large part of a CONTINENT.
Valley Glaciers=glaciers that moves within _______ walls on a __________.
Glaciers that move within VALLEY walls on a MOUNTAIN.
What are two major examples of Continental glaciers?
Greenland and Antarctica
Either the water by itself or the slushy will reduce the friction and act as a slide for which the glacier to move VERY easily under its own _______ down the hill
gravity
Ice will stay within valley walls forming a large river of ice and snow which moves slowly downhill under the influence of __________.
gravity
Rate at which glaciers move down mountain depends of three things (what are the three things that make glaciers move fast?)
1. after winters or heavy snowfall 2. on steep slopes 3. in summer
Glaciers move from high elevation to lower elevations by what 2 things?
1. gravity 2. its own giant weight
Antarctica Ice sheet is much bigger...about the size of the US and Mexico combined. The ice sheet is about ___ km thick
4
_____% of Earths fresh water is in glaciers
75%
A glacier is a large mass of compacted ______ and _______ that moves under the force of ____________.
A glacier is a large mass of compacted SNOW and ICE that moves under the force of GRAVITY.
A glacier is the movement of ________ and _________.
A glacier is the movement of ICE and SNOW.
At the __________, you have to climb __________ up a mountain to get the ___________ altitude at which _________ forms.
At the EQUATOR, you have to climb FARTHER up a mountain to get the LOWEST altitude at which SNOW forms.
Continental Glaciers are ___________ or ________ in shape.
Continental Glaciers are CIRCULAR or OVAL in shape.
As more weight of snow is piled on the mountain, the overlying weight will male the ice flow downward and outward, which is now called a ____________.
Glacier!
Glaciers form in __________ areas where there is usually lots of _________.
Glaciers form in MOUNTAINOUS areas where there is usually lots of SNOW.
It has been snowing at these locations for thousands of years and building up and compressing, eventually turning to ______.
ICE
As snow continues to fall and compress, what begins to form?
Ice
Glaciers that are less than 50,000 square kilometers.
Ice Caps
The Greenland Ice sheet is about the same size as...
Mexico
Ice fields eventually cover up the whole continent leaving only the ______ of high mountains exposed.
PEAKS
Most ice in interior of glacier moves downhill by a process called...
Plastic Flow
Glaciers move more rapidly at its _________ and its ____________.
SURFACE and CENTER
Snow above the snow line is covering the snowline almost ____________.
Snow above the snow line is covering the snowline almost COMPLETELY.
Snow can form farther down the mountain in _______, ___________ regions.
Snow can form farther down the mountain in COLDER, POLAR regions.
Snow line will vary with _________ and ____________.
Snow line will vary with LATITUDE and TEMPERATURE.
True or flase: Firn is kind of in-between because it has tiny granules of ice in them
TRUE!!
The snow line is the _________ elevation at which a layer of permanent snow can form in the summer.
The snow line is the LOWEST elevation at which a layer of permanent snow can form in the summer.
There is always (or at least usually) a constant layer of ________ on most mountains.
There is always a constant layer of SNOW on most mountains.
This snow can be very __________ and __________.
This snow can be very DENSE and THICK.
Valley Glaciers form in regions where mountains are high enough to be in the __________ part of the atmosphere.
Valley Glaciers form in regions where mountains are high enough to be in the COLDER part of the atmosphere
Where most glaciers form, _______ snow falls than it __________. As a result, more ________________ continue to build up.
Where most glaciers form, MORE snow falls than it MELTS. As a result, more SNOW LAYERS continue to build up.
Can there be glaciers near the equator?
Yes, even near the equator there can be glaciers.
Valley Glaciers also form near the _________ where mountains have high enough elevation.
equator
One reason for the rate at which glaciers slow down is...
friction between glacial ice on the valley floor and valley walls
What is Plastic Flow?
grains of ice actually deform or change shape continuously and permanently under pressure of overlying snow and ice. it is an irreversible action!
Glaciers move from ______ elevations to ________ elevations.
high elevations to lower elevations
Thousands of meters thick and moves outward from the center in all directions. What is this?
ice
Some ice will reach the sea and break off and float off and float as...
icebergs!
In winter, if a mountain is covered completely with snow and none in the winter, what does that mean?
it has NO snow line
At the base of some glaciers the overlying weight causes grains of ice to partially ______ then ________ due to friction and/or geothermal heat from ground.
melt then refreeze
If a mountain peak is high enough to stand above the ice sheet it's called....
nunakaks
It can either stay there and form a layer of water or it can mix with sand and gravel creating a ________ type material
slushy
Valley Glaciers (aka Alpine Glaciers) are named after...
the Alps
Melting at Basal Slip means lots of ______ underneath glacier collects here
water
