Chapter 18 Meghan Provenzano, Chapter 18, 17

How did the problem of food shortages change in the eighteenth century?

Increased road and canal building permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine

The Englishman Jethro Tull:

Sought to criticically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research.

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish Countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.

The rural putting-out system had all of the following competitive advantages except?

The workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses

The rural putting-out system had the foll,owing competitive advantages except:

The workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capital expenses

Merchant capitalists complained bitterly about?

Their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers

Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the 18th century?

This one is B guys B) Both legal and illegal work in guilds became more accesssible to women

Christianity in colonial societies in the Americas?

Took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made christianity more comprehensive to indigenous peoples

Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed

the Atlantic economy

In the eighteenth century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with

the British colonial empire

Who provided the labor force for Britain's initial colonization of Australia?

Convicted Prisoners

Why did the dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The dutch east india company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe

Why did european salve traders in africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the 18th century?

The shore method permitted europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas

In the eighteenth century, European public health measures

improved water supply and sewage systems

The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported English ships, and they also:

Gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies

Population growth in Europe in the 18th century?

Occurred in all regions

Which of the following best characterizes the condition of the peasant in western Europe in the 18th century

Peasants were generally free from serfdom and owned land that they could pass on to their children

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The Dutch East India Company failed to diverify its trade to meet changng consumption patterns in Europe

In the 18th century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that?

Landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently

Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to America?

About 90% of slaves were transported to Brazil or the Caribbean, with only 3% brought to North America

At the center of Adam smith's arguments in the "wealth of nations" was the belief that?

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve living conditions of citizens

Which of the following describes then enclosure movement in the eighteenth century?

The land was divided into plots bounded by fences to farm more effectively

The leadership of the Dutch poeple in farming ethodology can be attributed primarily to:

the necssity to provide for a densely opulated country

What was Jethro Tull's contribution to English agriculture in the eighteenth century?

He critiqued accepted farming methods and developed better methods through empirical research

By the eighteenth century, the elite of Spanish colonial society

came to believe that heir circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain

What was the result of the War of the Austrian Succession?

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare

The englishman jethro tull?

Sought to critically analyze farming methods and develop better methods about farming through empirical research

Christianity in colonial societies in the Americas

took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to indigenous peoples

Christianity in colonial societies in the Americas:

took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to indigenous peoples.

Wealthy Spanish landowners kept indigenous workers on their estates through a system of

debt peonage in which landowners advanced food, shelter, and some money, in this way keeping the workers in perpetual debt

People of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas were referred to as

Creoles

Between 1650 and 1760, what crucial component of the global economy was established when nations developed?

The atlantic economy

What was a competitive advantage of the rural putting-out system?

The rural poor worked for low wages

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with:

This one is B too B) the British colonial empire

Within the family, the oiperation of the loom:

was considered a man's job, reserved for the male head of household

The leadership of the dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to?

The necessity to provide for a densely populated country

Population growth in Europe in the 18th century:

occured in all regions

The war of the Austrian succession could best be described as?

An inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare

Who provided the labor force for britians initial colonization of Australia

Convicted prisoners

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of english and Scottish country side in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landowning wage earners

From 1701-17-63,what was at stake in the warfare between great Britain and france?

The position as european leading maritime power with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in british foreign trade was with?

The british colonial empire

Within the family, the operation of the loom?

Was considered a man's job reserved for the male head of the household

The british won the American component of the seven years war because ?

The diverted men and money from Europe to the american theater

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in the wealth of nations was the belief that:

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens

Among the laboring classes, guild masters?

Were a small minority of the population who jealously regarded their membership

Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the middle ages?

The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges

What was the status of jews in european colonies in the 18th century?

Jews faces numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white europeans and thus couldnt be enslaved

According to recent scholarship, during the 18th century guild system?

Remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules

The spinning of thread for the loom?

Required the work of several spinners for each loom,which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers at low terrible wages

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, armies affected population growth in all of the following ways except?

A large number of individuals were killed on the battlefield

What was the staus of the Jews on European colonies in the 18th century?

This one is E E) Jews faces numerous political and economic forms of descrimination but werte considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaves

Population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century occurred

in all regions

Which of the following best characterizes the regions to which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas?

About ninety percent of slaves were transported to Brazil or the carribean with only three percent brought to North america

Who prvided labor force fpr Britians's initail colonisation of Australia?

Connvicted prisoners

The english navigation acts mandated that all english imports and exports be transported on english ships, and that also?

Gave british merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with british colonists

With the development of spanish colonial society, by the 18th century?

The colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in spain

With the development of Spanish colonial society, by the 18th century :

C) The colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics then those is Spain

Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the Middle Ages?

The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not inclosed by fences or hedges

The proletarianization of peasants in the eighteenth century forced them to

become landless rural wage earners

Holland's leadership in farming methodology can be attributed to

the necessity to provide for a densely populated country

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that

the pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens

Which of the following correctly characterize 18th century colonial trade in europe?

In england, the mercantilist system achieved remarkable success as british trade with its colonies grew substantially

Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the eighteenth century?

It permitted Europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas

How did the problem of food shortages change in the 18th century?

The considerable road and canal building of the 18th century permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local family crop failure

In africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in?

More wars and likely fewer people

The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of:

poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to but consumer goods.

How did the problem of food shortages change in the 18th cebtury?

The considerable road and canal building of the eighteenth contury permitted food to be more eassily transported to regions with local crop failure and famine.

The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports transported on English Ships, and they also

gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners

Why did European slave traders in frica adopt the "shore methos" of trading in the 18th century?

The shore method permitted Europeans of to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.

The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of?

Poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods

Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the 18th century?

Both legal and illegal work in the guilds became more accessible to women