Chapter 18
Who provided the labor force for Britain's initial colonization of Australia?
Convicted prisoners
Industrial capitalism
Could not exist without government protection of the rights of individuals involved in commerce
The War of the Austrian Succession could best be described as...
an inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare
Which of the following best describes the division of labor?
dividing into more specialized labor to minimize the value of the workforce
What was not true regarding Merchant Capitalism?
had complete control and ownership over the open field system
In the 18th century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that...
landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently
In the 18th century, the biggest increase in the British foreign trade was with...
the British colonial empire
Among the laboring classes, guild masters...
were a small minority of the population who jealously guarded their membership
Land, Labor, Capitalism, Management, and Government are necessary for...
Industrialization to evolve in a specific country
What was the status of Jews in European colonies in the 18th century?
Jews faced numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but weren't considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaved.
In the 18th century England, the greatest threat to the economic security of small farmers was?
Laissez-faire economic policies
A series of English laws that controlled the import of good to Britain and British colonies.
Navigation Laws
The Agricultural REvolution experienced all the following except...
Peasants and serfs buying up large parcels of land
From 1701 to 1764,what was at stake in the warfare between Great Britain and France?
The position as Europe's leading maritime power with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion
Regarding how the economy is impacted by demographics, identify the false statement
Urban guilds were necessary for artisans to compete with the cottage industry
KArl MArx uses the term of Proletarianization to describe...
the unequal transition of peasants into a wage economy who barely make subsistence income
Merchant capitalist complained bitterly about...
their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers
According to recent scholarship, during the eighteenth century the guild system...
remained flexible as masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules
Olaudah Equiano was an African slave who...
was bought and sold several times until earning his freedom and writing of his experience during the middle passage
Which of the following correctly characterizes 18th century colonial trade in Europe?
In England, the mercantilism system achieved remarkable success as British trade with its colonies grew substantially
The transition of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless, rural wage earners
Proletarianization
In Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in...
more wars and likely fewer people
The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of...
poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods
According to Adam Smith all the following were duties of the government except...
provide a safe work environment for women and children
Christianity is colonial societies in the Americas
took on distinctive characteristics through a complex process of cultural exchange that made Christianity more comprehensible to indigenous peoples
What best describes the role of woman in the guild in the 18th century?
Both legal and illegal work in guilds became more accessible to women
Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed...
the Atlantic economy
Within the family, the operation of the loom...
was considered a man's job, reserved for the male head of household
The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because...
the French did not have an adequate navy
With the development of Spanish colonial society, by the 18th century...
the colonial elite came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain
The rural putting-out system included the following competitive advantages except...
The workers had to purchase the raw material themselves, saving the merchant capitalist expenses