Chapter 19

The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies required

A sharp increase in the African slave trade

Which area best illustrates the dramatic transformation that sugar brought to the 17th century Caribbean?

Barbados

How did France and England expand their Caribbean holdings?

By attacking older Spanish colonies

Which of the following was the LEAST common source of African slaves taken to the Americas or the Islamic world?

Children sold by their parents

The French plantation economies were considered "more diverse" because they also produced

Coffee and cacao

The African state most dependent on the slave trade was

Dahomey

African slavery in the Americas increased dramatically when

Sugar plantations were expanded in the West Indies

Except for Morocco, North Africa was under the control of which power by the sixteenth century?

The Ottoman Empire

Which of the following is best concluded about slavery in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period?

The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers

Which of the following would be an accurate reason that African leaders initially participated in the slave trade?​

They wanted to remove future enemies by selling prisoners of war

Both Muslims and Europeans obtained slaves from sub-Saharan Africa, but

the Islamic trade, through substantial, was smaller

In North Africa, a continuing influence before, during, and after the period 1450-1750 was

the social, political, and economic practices of Islam

In exchange for slaves, African merchants

were very discriminating in what they purchased and would often refuse European merchandise that did not meet their needs

In addition to being half as expensive as slaves, indentured servants only served three to four years while slaves, after their arrival, lived an average of

7 years

On most islands, the percentage of slaves in the population was

90%

Although the organization of the Atlantic slave trade varied from African region to region, it expanded and prospered because of

All of these

Plantation slaves were motivated to work hard to avoid which of the following:

All of these

Which of the following characterizations of the African slave trade is true?

The slave trade's volume soon virtually eliminated other economic activity in West Africa

Early Portuguese activities in exploring Africa's Atlantic coast included all of the following EXCEPT

Eradicating Islam

Based on the map, which of the following best describes the relationship of Europe with Africa?​

Europe established trading posts in the African kingdoms

Generally, the Atlantic African slave trade was based on a partnership between

European and African elites

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the sharp increase in African slaves shipped to the Americas between 1600 and 1750?

European colonial takeover of African territory

Which of the following would be the most useful source of evidence for research about the profits of Portuguese and British slave traders in the period 1600-1800 ?

European slave traders' account books

Which of the following is true regarding the Atlantic slave trade?

Europeans gained far more wealth than Africans

While the British system of mercantilism was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system used laws known as:

Exclusif

Which of the following conclusions about slavery in the Caribbean is supported by the table below?

Field labor required the greatest number of workers

In the seventeenth-century Caribbean, indentured servants cost ______ as slaves for cash-short tobacco producers.

Half as much

Where would slave children most likely be found working?

In "grass gangs" doing simple, lighter work

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

Increased production of cash crops like sugar

What was one important impact of European contact on the economy of West Africa between 1450 and 1750?

It allowed some indigenous African merchants to gain great wealth from trade

The maroon community that first signed treaties recognizing their independent status as runaway slaves was

Jamacian

What was the main reason for the use of African slave labor in the Caribbean and Brazil

Large-scale plantation farming of cash crops

Which was NOT a method used to curtail African cultural traditions by European planters?

Mandatory primary education

What was one significant impact of environmental crises such as droughts in sub-Saharan Africa during this period?

Many of those who fled stricken areas were given refuge by neighboring leaders, then forced into resettlement or sold into the slave trade

How did sub-Saharan Africans' contacts with Europeans compare with their contacts with the Islamic world from 1450 to 1750?

Most African slaves sent to the Islamic world were women, while most taken by the Europeans were men

How did the Columbus Exchange affect Africa during this period?

New World crops such as maize, potatoes, and cassava brought a new source of food to famine-stricken areas of Africa

"Drivers" were typically

Privileged male slaves

A historian researching the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the period 1600-1800 would find which of the following sources most useful for determining patterns in the points of origin, the destinations, and the numbers of slaves involved in the trade?

Records of the cargoes of Spanish and British ships in the trans-Atlantic trade

This carved ivory saltcellar shown below, depicting a Portuguese ship supported by Portuguese nobles, provides evidence of which new influence brought to West Africa by the Europeans?

The promotion of the Christian religion

Which of the following was a major environmental effect of the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients

Mercantilism is

a government policy that protects trade in return for the accumulation of gold and silver

Which of the following entries would you expect to see in a ship's cargo manifest for a voyage on the Atlantic Ocean between 1500 and 1800?

a ship traveling from Angola to Brazil: 100 slaves

In the eighteenth century, West Indian plantations were controlled by a plantocracy,

a small number of rich men who owned most of the land and slaves

Angola is an example of

an early European colony in Africa

In the period 1450-1750, the Islamic world's African slave trade was most similar to Europe's African slave trade in that both

had no significant religious prohibitions against trading or owning slaves

Sugar plantations in the Caribbean caused environmental damage through soil exhaustion and deforestation as well as

introduction of non-native plants and animals

Although tobacco was a New World plant long used by Amerindians,

it was Europeans who began growing the crop on large plantations

The map above illustrates which of the following?

predominant areas of origin and destination of African slaves on the 15th through 19th cenutries

Factors that fueled the growing dependence of African slaves included all of the following EXCEPT

racial prejudice favored the use of Africans over other ethnic groups.

Most slaves in the Islamic world were

soldiers and servants