Chapter 19 Patho

Persistent cyanosis has led an infants care team to suspect a congenital heart defect. Which of the following assessment findings would suggest coarctation of the infants aorta?

Blood pressure in the childs legs is lower than in the arms.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a relevant treatment modality for which of the following disorders of cardiac function?

Atherosclerosis with history of MI

Which of the following assessment findings of a cardiac patient would be suggestive of cardiac tamponade

20 mm Hg Drop in systolic blood pressure during respiration

Which of the following individuals is suffering the effects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

A patient who occasionally experiences persistent and severe chest pain when at rest

A childs history of a recurrent sore throat followed by severe knee and ankle pain has resulted in a diagnostic workup and a diagnosis of rheumatic fever. What are the treatment priorities for this child?

Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories

implantation of a pacemaker is most likely to benefit a patient with which of the following cardiomyopathies?

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

atients with ischemic coronary vessel disease and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are classified as low or high risk for acute myocardial infarction based on characteristics that include significant

ECG changes.

Football fans at a college have been shocked to learn of the sudden death of a star player, an event that was attributed in the media to an enlarged heart. Which of the following disorders was the players most likely cause of death?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

An elderly female patient with complaints of increasing fatigue has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, a disease which her primary care provider believes may have been long-standing. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms has most likely maintained the womans ejection fraction until recently

Left ventricular hypertrophy

The plaques in a patients coronary arteries are plentiful and most have small- to moderate-sized lipid cores with thick fibrous caps. This form of atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which of the following diagnoses?

Stable angina

Which of the following assessment findings of a cyanotic infant is incongruent with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot?

The infants aorta is narrowed.

In adults, sudden death from an acute myocardial infarction is usually caused by

acute ventricular arrhythmia.

On the second or third day after an acute myocardial infarction, the area of necrosis is

acutely inflamed.

In aortic regurgitation, failure of aortic valve closure during diastole causes an abnormal drop in diastolic pressure. This change in pressure causes decreased

coronary perfusion.

Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart

fills rapidly; compresses

Chronic stable angina, associated with inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium, is caused by

fixed coronary obstruction.

Atherosclerotic plaque is most likely to be unstable and vulnerable to rupture when the plaque has a thin fibrous cap over a

large lipid core

Dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction is characterized by increased wall:

thinning.

Congenital heart defects can cause a right heart to left heart shunting of blood that results in increased

unoxygenated blood flow.

Endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease are both cardiac complications of systemic infections. Characteristics include a new or changed heart murmur caused by

vegetative valve destruction.