Chapter 19 patterns of chromosomal Inheritance

Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the ___________ _________

Cell; Cycle

True or false: A newborn is more likely to survive with an abnormal number of autosomes than sex chromosomes. True false question.

False

True or false: Accounting for all cells in a human, meiosis occurs more often than mitosis.

False

True or false: At the end of mitosis and cytokinesis the daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell.

False

True or false: Both meiosis II and mitosis result in two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell. True false question.

False

Males that are "47, XXY" have

Klinefelter syndrome.

The collective term for the DNA and proteins that make up a chromosome is

chromatin

The DNA of a cell is organized into discrete structures called

chromosomes

the characteristics of a cell in anaphase.

chromosomes moving to opposite poles of the cell spindle fibers attached to centromeres

all correct descriptions of Jacobs syndrome.

extra Y chromosome taller than average males

A normal human with 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes will be

female.

At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell has the __ number of chromosomes.

haploid

Meiosis is a type of nuclear division that results in daughter cells that have the _____ number of chromosomes.

haploid

Human gametes are _____ and fuse to form a _____ zygote.

haploid; diploid

Paired chromosomes in a cell in which members of the pair have genes for the same traits are called

homologous chromosomes.

two major parts of the cell cycle.

interphase cell division

The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is carrying out normal functions and getting ready to divide is called

interphase.

Which syndrome is characterized by taller than average height, persistent acne, and speech and reading problems?

jacobs syndrome

A picture of a person's chromosomes that are arranged in pairs and that is used to detect genetic abnormalities is called a(n) _____________

karyotype

If following cell division the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, which type of division occurred?

meiosis

A cell with paired homologous chromosomes aligned at the equator of the cell is in

meiosis I

When do sister chromatids separate?

meiosis II

The mitotic phase during which chromosomes are aligned along the center plane (equator) of the cell is _______________

metaphase

Which form of cell division takes place in human somatic cells?

mitosis

The two stages of cell division are ___________ when the nucleus divides, and ______________ which refers to division of the cytoplasm.

mitosis; cytokinesis

If an egg that is missing a chromosome is fertilized by a normal sperm, the result is

monosomy

If an egg with 22 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm with 23 chromosomes the result is a condition called

monosomy

In a condition called _________, chromosomes fail to separate correctly during meiosis.

nondisjunction

What term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I?

nondisjunction

Which one of the following only occurs in mitosis and NOT during meiosis II?

nuclei contain the diploid number of chromosomes

Haploidy is a condition in which

only one of each type of chromosome is present inside the cell.

Homologous chromosomes are

pairs of chromosomes in which members of the pair have genes for the same traits.

What will an egg with two X chromosomes fertilized by a sperm with an X chromosome result in?

poly-X female

Which condition is characterized by more than two X chromosomes and extra Barr bodies in the nucleus?

poly-X syndrome

all of the following that result from mitosis

proliferation of body cells tissue repair growth of tissue

During which phase of mitosis will spindle fibers begin to form and chromatin condense?

prophase

all events that occur during interphase of the cell cycle.

proteins are synthesized DNA replicates organelles replicate

The mitotic phase during which chromatin condenses and spindle fibers begin to form is called __________

Prophase

DNA is replicated so that sister chromatids can form during which phase of the cell cycle?

S

During which stage of interphase is DNA replicated?

S

A person with only one sex chromosome, an X, has __________ syndrome.

Turner

Which syndrome is characterized by having only one sex chromosome? Multiple choice question.

Turner syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome results from

a male with an extra X chromosome.

If cytokinesis did NOT occur at the end of a cell's mitotic division, what would be the result?

a single, multinucleated cell

Because meiosis decreases the chromosome number by half in daughter cells, it is also called _________ division

reduction

Which of these is an example of sister chromatids?

replicated chromosomes held together at the centromere

Which event occurs during the second meiotic division?

sister chromatids separate

Genetically identical chromosomal units formed through DNA replication which are attached at a centromere are called

sister chromatids.

What determines the gender of a human?

specific gene on the Y chromosome

Jacobs syndrome results from chromosomal nondisjunction during the process of

spermatogenesis.

the characteristics of a cell in metaphase.

spindle fibers attached to centromeres chromosomes aligned along the cell equator condensed chromosomes sister chromatids present

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes arrive at the poles, and become indistinct chromatin again?

telophase

phases of mitosis.

telophase prophase anaphase metaphase

The SRY gene, which encodes a hormone called testis-determining factor, is located on

the Y chromosome.

An individual who inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21 has

Down syndrome.

Which of these statements is true regarding meiosis I?

During meiosis I homologous chromosomes separate.

During which stage of interphase are organelles replicated?

G1

Poly-X females result from

Multiple X chromosomes

If an egg with 24 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm with 23 chromosomes the result is called _____________

Trisomy

Which of the following conditions would make a newborn less likely to survive?

abnormal autosome number

The mitotic phase during which sister chromatids move toward the poles of the spindle is

anaphase

Which one of the following occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

crossing-over

Which of the following is a difference between meiosis I and mitosis?

daughter cells are haploid at the end of meiosis I

A cell is considered ___________ with regard to chromosomes if two of each type of chromosome are present inside the cell.

diploid

A human lung cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes and is therefore considered a ______ cell.

diploid

The definition of cytokinesis is

division of the cell cytoplasm.

all typical characteristics of Turner syndrome.

don't undergo puberty normal intelligence underdeveloped uterus

How do daughter cells compare to parent cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis?

they have an identical number of chromosomes

When three copies of a specific chromosome are present in a cell this is called

trisomy.

What is the age of most women who give birth to a child with Down syndrome?

under age 40

Gametes fuse during fertilization to form a diploid cell called a

zygote