Chapter 19 Quiz Questions

Which of the following did not lead to, nor help confirm, the theory that a proteinaceous agent or prion causes such diseases as scrapie and "mad cow" disease? The extreme sensitivity of the agent to UV light Inherited spongiform encephalopathies in humans Affinity chromatographic purification of a prion infectious agent Resistance in mice with a null mutation in PrPc (prion protein control) The occurrence of a scrapie-like disease among New Guinea cannibals

* The extreme sensitivity of the agent to UV light* Textbook Reference: Box 19A: Prion Diseases, pp. 427-428

Which of the following statements about the reeler mutation in mice is *false*? Because of induced genetic abnormalities, it was impossible to determine which chromosome contained the reeler mutation. The mutation appears to interfere with the extracellular matrix in the cerebellum. In reeler mice, the Purkinje, granule and other cell types are found in incorrect locations in the cerebellum. A "synthetic" reeler mutation was discovered by chance after inserting DNA marker fragments into the mouse genome. The name reeler was given based upon its impaired locomotor abilities.

*Because of induced genetic abnormalities, it was impossible to determine which chromosome contained the reeler mutation.* Textbook Reference: Box 19B: Genetic Analysis of Cerebellar Function, pp. 431-432

Which of the following structures plays the largest role in cerebellar-cortical "closed loop" circuits? Accessory dorsal column nuclei Fastigial nucleus Dentate nucleus Peduncular nucleus Interposed nucleus

*Dentate nucleus* Textbook Reference: Projections from the Cerebellum, pp. 421-423

Which of the following statements about the cerebellar Purkinje cell is false? Each one is contacted by roughly 200,000 granule cells. Its dendritic field is oriented parallel to the parallel fibers. Purkinje cells project to the deep cerebellar nuclei. Purkinje cells inhibit deep cerebellar nuclear cells. Its dendritic field branches in a narrow plane.

*Its dendritic field is oriented parallel to the parallel fibers.* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

Which of the following is not one of the deep cerebellar nuclei? Dentate nucleus Interposed nucleus Fastigial nucleus Peduncular nucleus All of the above are deep cerebellar nuclei.

*Peduncular nucleus* Textbook Reference: Projections from the Cerebellum, pp. 421-423

Which is thought to be the role of the climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex? Summation of motor errors from different sources Gradual correction of motor errors over many trials Provision of a training signal for the parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells Making fast online adjustments of ongoing motor patterns Provision of a difference error between two sources

*Provision of a training signal for the parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

The _______ cell is the cell type that is the main output from cerebellar cortex and is considered its prime computational element. granule Golgi Purkinje stellate basket

*Purkinje* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

Which part of the cerebellum receives input directly from the spinal cord? Cerebrocerebellum Spinocerebellum Flocculus Nodulus Vestibulocerebellum

*Spinocerebellum* Textbook Reference: Organization of the Cerebellum, pp. 417-419

Which of the following statements about recalibration of the VOR is false? The VOR is precisely recalibrated with each eye movement so that perfect fixation can be maintained during head rotation. The cerebellum is involved in adjusting the VOR when eye movements do not properly compensate for head rotation. The cerebellum integrates visual information, vestibular information, and motor information (efference copy) when performing recalibration. In the absence of the cerebellum, the VOR could not be recalibrated. All of the above statements are true; none is false.

*The VOR is precisely recalibrated with each eye movement so that perfect fixation can be maintained during head rotation.* Textbook Reference: Cerebellar Circuitry and the Coordination of Ongoing Movement, pp. 426-429

In the weaver mutant strain of mouse, the defect associated with ataxia, hypotonia, and tremor is a cerebellum shrunk to half its normal size, albeit with normal cellular architecture. a complete lack of Purkinje cells. the disappearance of the cerebrocerebellum. a marked lack of granule cells. misplaced cells in cerebellar cortex due to an extracellular matrix deficit.

*a marked lack of granule cells* Textbook Reference: Box 19B: Genetic Analysis of Cerebellar Function, pp. 431-432

Alcohol-induced damage to the vermis of the cerebellum has been associated with a wide and staggering gait. inability to perform fine movements of the hands and fingers. impaired judgment. word-finding difficulties. chronically slurred speech.

*a wide and staggering gait.* Textbook Reference: Further Consequences of Cerebellar Lesions, pp. 429-430

The large size of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain is related to cerebellar inputs arriving through the superior cerebellar peduncles. arriving through the middle cerebellar peduncles. projecting to the vestibulocerebellum. projecting to the vermis. arriving through the inferior cerebellar peduncles.

*arriving through the middle cerebellar peduncles.* Textbook Reference: Projections to the Cerebellum, pp. 419-421

The _______ cells make an "inhibitory nest of synapses" with the Purkinje cell bodies. granule stellate Golgi basket All of the above

*basket* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

The part of the cerebellum that is highly developed in humans and involved with the planning and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences is the vestibulocerebellum. nodulus. flocculus. cerebrocerebellum. spinocerebellum.

*cerebrocerebellum.* Textbook Reference: Organization of the Cerebellum, pp. 417-419

The distinct T-shaped parallel fibers emanating from the granule cells were shaped by evolution to do things that we still do not understand. sequence complex motor programs. transform sustained pontine nuclear signals into transient motor commands. perform center-surround inhibition like calculations. calculate motor error signals.

*do things that we still do not understand.* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

Mossy fibers synapse on Golgi, basket, and stellate cells. granule cells and deep cerebellar nuclei. deep cerebellar and pontine nuclei. Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei. Purkinje cells and granule cells.

*granule cells and deep cerebellar nuclei.* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

Cerebellar ataxia is characterized by difficulty with initiating movements. an inability to perform goal-directed movements. an inability to perform complex sequences of movements. jerky, imprecise movements. All of the above

*jerky, imprecise movements.* Textbook Reference: Cerebellar Circuitry and the Coordination of Ongoing Movement, pp. 426-429

During electrical recordings from cerebellar neurons, flipping the wrist back and forth elicits the firing of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar neurons in alternation. leads to neuronal responses associated with relaxation or contraction of specific muscles and changes in joint position and movement direction. initiates a repeating sequence of activation: from granule cells, to Purkinje cells, to stellate cells, to deep cerebellar neurons. initiates a repeating sequence of activation: from Purkinje cells, to basket cells, to stellate cells, to deep cerebellar neurons. None of the above

*leads to neuronal responses associated with relaxation or contraction of specific muscles and changes in joint position and movement direction.* Textbook Reference: Cerebellar Circuitry and the Coordination of Ongoing Movement, pp. 426-429

The axons from the pontine nuclei into the cerebellum are referred to as _______ fibers. basket mossy climbing parallel stellate

*mossy* Textbook Reference: Circuits within the Cerebellum, pp. 423-426

The cell bodies that give rise to the largest number of fibers entering the cerebellum are located in the pons. cerebral cortex. cerebellar cortex. medulla. superior colliculus.

*pons* Textbook Reference: Projections to the Cerebellum, pp. 419-421