Chapter 19 Study Guide | Exam #3

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates?

bony fishes

Egg-laying mammals are known as

monotremes

Which statement is inconsistent with invertebrate animals? 1. Invertebrates lack a nervous system. 2. The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates. 3. Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment. 4. Most animal phyla are invertebrates. 5. All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.

1. Invertebrates lack a nervous system

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods? 1. arachnids 2. millipedes 3. insects 4. crustaceans 5. centipedes

3. insects

Which of these is a cephalopod? 1. nudibranch 2. snail 3. oyster 4. squid 5. mussel

4. squid

In the replacement model of evolution, where did modern humans first evolve?

Africa

Which statement about sponges is correct? 1. Sponges have two germ layers, which give rise to well-organized tissues. 2. Sponges can only reproduce asexually by fragmentation or budding. 3. Most sponges have bilateral symmetry. 4. Sponges belong to the group of invertebrates known as cnidarians. 5. Sponges are filter feeders.

Sponges are filter feeders.

Animals are thought to be most closely related to

choanoflagellates

What is not a typical adult amphibian characteristic?

four-chambered heart

Amphibians are the descendants of

lobe-finned fishes

Which feature is lacking in sponges?

organized true tissues

Molluscs are

protostomes

Which of these is a bivalve? 1. clam 2. octopus 3. snail 4. squid 5. conch

1. clam

What are the key features of chordates? 1. notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail 2. notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, water vascular system, and a tail 3. ventral nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail 4. notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, nerve ring, and a tail 5. notochord, ventral nerve cord, water vascular system, and a tail

1. notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail

The mantle, foot, and visceral mass are all parts of a(n) 1. annelid. 2. mollusc. 3. planarian. 4. tunicate. 5. arthropod.

2. mollusc

Which of these has radial symmetry? 1 .human 2. planarian 3. jellyfish 4. roundworm 5. nudibranch

3. Jellyfish

Which of the following are invertebrate chordates? 1. tunicates only 2. lancelets only 3. jawless fishes only 4. tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes 5. tunicates, lancelets, and jawless fishes

4. tunicates and lancelets but not jawless fishes

Animals are 1. multicellular. 2. heterotrophic. 3. motile. 4. eukaryotic. 5. All of the above answers describe the characteristics of animals.

5. All of the above answers describe the characteristics of animals

Which of these statements about the evolutionary tree of animals is incorrect? 1. All animals have true tissues. 2. All animals are multicellular. 3. Humans are more closely related to sea stars than to insects. 4. Radial symmetry preceded bilateral symmetry in animal evolution. 5. Some animals have no germ layers, while others have two or three germ layers.

All animals have true tissues.

Why are developmental biologists especially interested in studying echinoderm embryos?

Echinoderms are the closest living relatives of chordates.

Which of these worms are segmented? 1. annelids 2. planarians 3. roundworms 4. flukes 5. All worms are segmented.

annelids

Which of these is a unique characteristic of mammals? 1. hair 2. four-chambered heart 3. extraembryonic membranes 4. endothermic 5. cephalization

hair

Which group of organisms is it believed that animals evolved from?

protozoan

Which feature is present in cnidarians but lacking in sponges?

radial symmetry

The main reason reptiles are so well-adapted to land environment is their method of

reproduction

Which feature is used to identify the ecdysozoans? 1. shedding their exoskeleton 2. presence of an endoskeleton 3. parasitic lifestyle 4. asexual reproduction 5. adapted to aquatic habitats

shedding their exoskeleton

The name Echinodermata literally means

spiny skin

Which is an example of a parazoa? 1. sponges 2. cnidarians 3. flatworms 4. annelids 5. echinoderms

sponges

What is the defining feature of the lophotrochozoans?

tentacle-like feeding structure

In protostome development: 1. the blastopore becomes the anus. 2. the coelom forms from mesodermal outpocketings of the gut. 3. there is no coelom. 4. the mouth forms from the second embryonic opening, not from the blastopore. 5. the blastopore becomes the mouth.

the blastopore becomes the mouth