Chapter 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, and 19.5 Connect Questions - Comprehensive and Concept Questions

Blank 1: breakpoint

The region where two chromosome pieces break and re-attach to other chromosome pieces is called a chromosomal _____________

Blank 1: reverse, reversion, or reversal

A _________ mutation is one that converts a mutant allele back to the wild-type form.

Blank 1: missense

A base substitution in DNA that ultimately leads to a change in the encoded amino acid is called a(n) ________ mutation

Blank 1: mutant

An allele that has a DNA sequence different from that of the wild-type is called a(n) _______ allele

Blank 1: germ Blank 2: line or cells

Cells that give rise to the gametes such as eggs and sperm are called __________ __________

B. Intergenic suppression

In this figure, two panels are shown. Panel I shows protein A. A first mutation inhibits the function of protein A. In Panel II a second mutation alters protein B to carry out the function of protein A. What is this an example of? Multiple choice question. A. Position effect B. Intergenic suppression C. Breakpoint effect D. Intragenic suppression

A B C

Select all that apply The DNA sequence of the coding strand of a gene is depicted in the top of this figure. Below it are four different types of mutations. Which of them are transversion mutations? Multiple select question. A B C D

Blank 1: frameshift

The addition or deletion of a number of bases that is not a multiple of 3 causes a(n) _________ mutation

D. typically

The wild type genotype or phenotype is the one that is ______ found in nature. Multiple choice question. A. rarely B. never C. always D. typically

C. Base substitution

This figure best illustrates what type of mutation? Multiple choice question. A. Transition mutation B. Frameshift mutation C. Base substitution D. Nonsense mutation

Blank 1: replica Blank 2: plating

This figure shows a technique known as ________ __________

Blank 1: intragenic Blank 2: suppressor

This figure shows an example of a(n) ___________ ___________ mutation

False

True or false: Deleterious mutations that cause the death of a cell are called nonsense mutations. True false question. True False

C. where two chromosome pieces break and rejoin with other chromosome pieces

A breakpoint refers to the region ______. Multiple choice question. A. of the cell cycle where chromosomes are more susceptible to breaking B. where the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined C. where two chromosome pieces break and rejoin with other chromosome pieces

B. missense

A mutation in a gene that causes an amino acid change in the encoded protein is called a ______ mutation. Multiple choice question. A. sense B. missense C. silent D. nonsense

Blank 1: silent

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is known as a(n) _________ mutation

Blank 1: beneficial

A mutation that enhances the survival and/or reproductive success of an individual is referred to as a(n) _________ mutation

Blank 1: germ or germ line Blank 2: line

A mutation that occurs directly in a sperm or egg cell, or in one of their precursor cells, is referred to as a(n) _________ - _________ mutation

A. Nonsense B. Missense C. Frameshift

Select all that apply Which of these point mutations would likely have an inhibitory effect on protein function? Multiple select question. A. Nonsense B. Missense C. Frameshift D. Silent

B. somatic; earlier

If the patch of white hair in this child were larger, that would indicate a ______ mutation that occurred ______ during embryonic development. Multiple choice question. A. germ-line; later B. somatic; earlier C. germ-line; earlier D. somatic; later

A. It suppresses the phenotypic effect of another mutation.

What is the effect of a suppressor mutation? Multiple choice question. A. It suppresses the phenotypic effect of another mutation. B. It suppresses the expression of a eukaryotic gene. C. It suppresses the division of a prokaryotic cell. D. It suppresses the activity of a cytoplasmic protein.

A. A mutation in an embryonic kidney cell B. A mutation in an adult muscle cell

Select all that apply Which are examples of somatic mutations? Multiple select question. A. A mutation in an embryonic kidney cell B. A mutation in an adult muscle cell C. A mutation in an egg cell D. A mutation in a sperm cell

A = 1. silent mutation B = 3. missense mutation C = 2. nonsense mutation D = 4. frameshift mutation

In this figure, the normal DNA coding sequence of a gene is shown on top, along with four different mutations. Match the mutation to its appropriate description. 1. silent mutation 2. nonsense mutation 3. missense mutation 4. frameshift mutation

B. Down promoter mutations decrease the affinity of transcription factors to the promoter C. Up promoter mutations cause the promoter sequence to be more like the consensus sequence

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about promoter mutations is true? Multiple select question. A. Up promoter mutations occur in the coding sequence of the gene B. Down promoter mutations decrease the affinity of transcription factors to the promoter C. Up promoter mutations cause the promoter sequence to be more like the consensus sequence D. Down promoter mutations occur in the 3'-UTR of the gene

Blank 1: nonsense

A mutation that results in a premature termination of the synthesis of a polypeptide is called a(n) __________ mutation

B. change to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide

A silent mutation is a mutation that results in no ______. Multiple choice question. A. change to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA B. change to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide C. expression of the protein encoded by the gene D. change to the nucleotide sequence of the messenger RNA

Blank 1: up Blank 2: down

Mutations that occur in a promoter sequence can be divided into two types: ___________ promoter mutations increase the transcription rate, while __________ promoter mutations decrease it.

C. A base deletion D. A base addition

Select all that apply Which changes can cause a frameshift mutation? Multiple select question. A. A base transversion B. A base transition C. A base deletion D. A base addition

B. survival and reproduction

A deleterious mutation is best defined as one that decreases the chance of ______. Multiple choice question. A. mRNA transcription B. survival and reproduction C. normal chromosome segregation D. DNA replication

Blank 1: substitution or point

A change of one base for another is described as a base __________ mutation

A. has a different DNA sequence from the wild-type

A mutant allele is best defined as an allele that ______. Multiple choice question. A. has a different DNA sequence from the wild-type B. can no longer be transcribed into mRNA C. encodes a protein that causes a disease

B. bacterial colonies are transferred from one plate to another with a sterile piece of velvet cloth

Replica plating is a technique in which ______. Multiple choice question. A. bacteria are grown in broth then allowed to replicate to produce colonies B. bacterial colonies are transferred from one plate to another with a sterile piece of velvet cloth C. bacterial colonies are transferred from one plate to another with a sterile glass pipette

Blank 1: suppressor

A second mutation that occurs in a different site than the first mutation, and which converts the mutant back to the wild-type phenotype, is best referred to as a(n) _______ mutation