Chapter 2

Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization?

States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade.

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?

globalization

The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the:

hearth

Geographers recognize the power of the content of national policies or the behavior of multinational companies to influence events and a wide range of global issues. What are these influencers called?

local actors

Modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining:

territory

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as:

urban hierarchies

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?

10 Percent

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked?

Luxembourg and Switzerland

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers.

Spain and Portugal

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials?

by sea

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as:

glocalization.

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

hegemon

Which of the following was not a driving force behind the Bretton Woods conference?

national defense

Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world?

Above 40

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?

Atlantic

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower?

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?

Economies were focused on tourism.

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the second wave (1825-1975)?

Economies were focused on tourism.

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves.

Which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II?

International Reserve Bank

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

It had a global reach

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below.

Spain-1500s; the Netherlands-1600s; Great Britain-1700s and 1800s; and the United States-1900s

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?

The Tibetan Plateau

In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion?

The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient.

What was the reasoning behind the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs to promote free trade?

There was a belief that trade restrictions had led to the Great Depression.

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.

United Nations (UN)

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the:

digital divide

Which of the following is not consistent with weak globalization?

emerged since the 1970s

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to:

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others.

As a result of environmental scrutiny from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), what does the World Bank require for World Bank-sponsored projects?

environmental impact statements

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation:

expensive

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points?

hub-and-spoke system

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

industrialization

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe -> Africa -> the Americas -> Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy.

manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:

need for resources and tribute.

A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network?

radial

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II.

the united nations (UN)

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks?

time-space compression

Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first:

to places most connected to the hearth.