Chapter 2 A&P 1
a substance that facilitates chemical reactions in the body by reducing the energy of activation required to allow the reaction to occur is a
enzyme
a permanent change in protein structure is called
denaturation
a word that includes the suffix -ase, typically indicates a
enzyme
maltase is probably a ______ because of the -ase on the end of its name
enzyme
True or false: the R group (side chain) is the part of an amino acid that is the same for all amino acids
false
a major type of lipids molecule that can store energy, insulate, and act to cushion the body describes a,
fat
The hydrophobic region of a phospholipid is the ______region
fatty acid
changing the shape of an enzyme can also change its
function
salts are attracted to water. They are
hydrophilic
fatty acids repel water. they are
hydrophobic
what term describes molecules that are non-polar, repel water, and/or do not dissolve in water?
hydrophobic
The main component of a cell membrane is a
lipid
a molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen within the molecule is 50:1. this molecule is a
lipid
fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostsglandins are all classified as
lipids
protection, insulation, and forming the main component of cell membranes are roles of
lipids
Four major types of organic molecules are
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
the covalent bond that connects amino acids to one another is known as ________ bond
peptide
two amino acids are being held together. What type of bond connects them
peptide bond
phospholipids are molecules that consist of two fatty acid chains attached to glycerol and a ______ molecule
phosphate
an amphiphilic molecule composed of fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule describes a _______. these molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes
phospholipid
the phosphate end of a phospholipid is ______ and hydrophilic
polar
the phosphate end of phospholipid is _______ and hydrophilic
polar
an enzyme if a
protein and a catalyst
amino acids are the subunits of larger molecules called
proteins
choose the class of macromolecules that plays a role in cell structure, communication, membrane transport, catalysis, recognition, and protection, and movement
proteins
a change in pH and temperature can alter cell function by changing the ______ of protein enzymes
shape
Identify three of the many functions of proteins within the human body. Proteins,
1. transport substances within the blood 2. function as receptors on cells' surfaces 3. catalyze chemical reactions
a peptide bond is a chemical bond between two
amino acids
a change in the three dimensional conformation of a protein that destroys its functional properties is known as
denaturation
identify the building blocks of triglycerides
Glycerol and fatty acids
identify the substances that are classified as lipids
Phospolipids, steriods, prostaglandins, and fatty acids
identify the part of the amino acid that distinguishes one amino acid from all other amino acids
R side chain
The small organic molecules that are monomers used to form proteins are
amino acids
a lipid composed of three fatty acids joined to glycerol is a
triglyceride
most fats in the body are
triglycerides
true or false: changing the shape of an enzyme ultimately results in an alteration of function of that enzymes
true
hydrophilic means "souble in_____"
water
a lipid molecule may be best described as
a long chain of covalently linked carbons with hydrogens connected to the sides
Identify the methods in which a change of pH or temperature can be disruptive to cell function
these changes can alter the shape of cell enzymes causing them to lose their function
Macromolecules composed of carbon and a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, including sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose are categorized as
carbohydrates
describe the chemical composition of lipids
contains lots of carbon and hydrogen with less oxygen and may contain other elements
denaturation is
the unfolding of protein's three dimensional shape