Chapter 2: Basic Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions
Percutaneous
Absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes Inhalation, sublingual, or topical
Parenteral
Bypasses the GI tract by using subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection
Excretion
Depends on GI tract and kidneys
Distribution
Depends on circulation to be transported throughout body
Metabolism
Depends on enzyme systems
Absorption
Depends on route of administration Drug is transferred from entry site into the body's circulating fluids Absorption rate depends on route, blood flow, and solubility of the drug Subcutaneous and intramuscular injection absorption is affected by circulation Intravenous medications are absorbed fastest Topical medications applied to the skin can be influenced by skin thickness and hydration
Liberation
Drug released from dosage form and is dissolved in body fluid Process of converting oral drug can be influenced by food and water in the stomach
Antagonist
Drugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a response
Agonists
Drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response
LADME
Liberation Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion
Drug receptors
Specific sites where drugs form chemical bonds
Pharmacodynamics
Study of interactions between drugs and their receptors and the series of events that result in a pharmacologic response
Enteral
Via the gastrointestinal tract by the oral, rectal, or nasogastric routes
All drugs are processed in the body through pharmacokinetics. What is the correct order that drugs pass through the body? a)Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion b)Distribution, metabolism, liberation, absorption, excretion c)Biotransformation, liberation, distribution, absorption, excretion d)Excretion, distribution, liberation, absorption, metabolism
a)Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion