Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive
Match the following particles to the correct description. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
1. Electron: Negatively charged subatomic particle. 2. Neutron: Neutral subatomic particle. 3. Atom: Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties. 4. Proton: Positively charged subatomic particle. 5. Electron: Subatomic particle having an AMU (Atomic Mass Unit) of zero.
Match the following terms to their definitions. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
1. Polar covalent bond: A bond in which electrons are shared unequally. 2. Ionic bond: A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved. 3. Nonpolar covalent bond: A bond in which electrons are shared equally. 4. Hydrogen bond: A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.
13
An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.
14 neutrons
Based on the information in this figure, what is the atomic number of chlorine?
17
What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)?
3:1
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
CH4
Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest. I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen
III < I < II
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
a bicarbonate ion
Which of the following best describes an isotope?
a structural variation in which different atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons
What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?
alkaline solution
All amino acids, such as the four represented in the figure, contain __________.
an amine group and an acid group
Water is an important molecule because it __________.
can form hydrogen bonds
The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________.
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.
collagen
ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
decomposition
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
eicosanoid; triglyceride
The three atoms shown represent three unique __________.
elements
Atomic weight is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
false
Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
false
How many valence shell electrons does the element carbon have?
four
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of ________.
glycogen
What type of bond is formed between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?
hydrogen bond
A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?
hydrogen bonds
Sodium has one valence electron, while chlorine has seven. What type of chemical bond is most likely to occur between sodium and chlorine?
ionic
What type of chemical bond can form between an atom with 11 protons and an atom with 17 protons?
ionic
What does this figure depict?
ionization, followed by formation of an ionic bond
The pH scale __________.
is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy
Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements?
nucleus
Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?
one
What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule?
oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen
What is represented by the chemical at B?
protein
The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.
proteins
Which particle is indicated by the arrow?
proton
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
removal of a water molecule between each two units
Bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms (as depicted on the right side of the figure) are generally __________.
single covalent bonds
What is represented by the chemicals at A?
substrates
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.
synthesis
The chemical symbol O=O means ________.
the atoms are double bonded
The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
the sequence of the nucleotides
What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?
there are 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen
Which of the following is true about lipids?
triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol and are stable because they do not dissolve in water
Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions.
true
The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.
true
