Chapter 2 - Cognitive Neuroscience

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: color, movement, shape, location, etc. All of these features are processed

in different parts of the brain

The layer of neurons that lines that back of the eye is called the

retina

Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another?

A chemical process takes place in the synapse.

Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons?

Axon

Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?

EBA

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to specificity coding?

It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.

Most accurate statement regarding specificity coding:

It is unlikely to be correct there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous by the firing of

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of....

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with a rather aggressive form of abdominal cancer. Her oncologist is interested in determining the best way to treat her so that the tumors can be eliminated. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and giving her normal digestive functioning. Barbara is also seeing a psychologist, whose goal is to help her stay calm, relaxed, and keep her anxiety as minimal as possible while keeping her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of ________ presented in your textbook.

Levels of analysis

Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for?

Localization function

Which of the following brain imaging techniques, discovered in 1908, is now a standard technique for detecting tumors and other brain abnormalities?

MRI

Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment?

Microelectrode

Feature detectors

Neurons that respond to specific qualities (eg, such as orientation, movement, and length) that make up objects

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe.

Parietal

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the _____ in the receptor's axon.

Rate of nerve firing

Microelectrode

Recordings from single neurons from these pieces of equpiment

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

Sparse

Your author points out that studying the mind requires both ________ and ________ experiments?

behavioral; physiological

The key structural components of neurons are?

cell body, dendrites, axon

The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as ?

cognitive neuroscience

Brain imaging has made it possible to

determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as

distributed processing

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as?

distributed processing.

Ramon is looking at pictures scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?

extrastriate body area (EBA)

Neuron Doctrine

is in disagreement with nerve net theory

Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for...

localization function

Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity

lose some of the oxygen they are transporting.

Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity?

lose some of the oxygen they are transporting.

The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of

neurons

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

picket fence

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with

prosopagnosia

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support _____ coding.

sparse

Synapse

the gap that separates two different neurons

The occipital lobe is

the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located.

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT

the structure of individual neurons

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT?

the structure of individual neurons.

In a procedure called diffusor tensor imaging (DTI), the way in which ________ diffuse(s) along the length of a nerve fiber is measured to determine how different nerves communicate with each other?

water

Temporal lobe

where signals are received from the auditory system

The temporal lobe is

where signals are received from the auditory system