Chapter 2: Communication Between Neurons

axon terminals

branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles

neurotransmitters

chemical messenger manufactured by a neuron

norepinephrine

neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory; also a hormone manufactured by adrenal glands

serotonin

neurotransmitter involved in sleep and emotions

dopamine

neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of bodily movement, thought processes, and rewarding sensations

acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that causes muscle contraction and is involved in memory function

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

neurotransmitter that usually communicates are inhibitory message

endorphins

neurotransmitters that regulate pain perceptions

synapse

the point of communication between two neurons

reuptake

the process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again

synaptic transmission

the process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross the synaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons

synaptic gap

the tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron

synaptic vesicles

tiny pouches or terminals that contain sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters