Chapter 2: Culture

__________ would be part of material culture. a. Hairstyles b. Language c. Beliefs d. Values

a. Hairstyles

Sociologists call the values held by most of the groups in a society __________. a. core values b. taboos c. habitual values d. universal values

a. core values

A society made up of many different groups is called a(n) __________. a. pluralistic society b. fragmented society c. anachronous society d. ungovernable aggravation

a. pluralistic society

The human potential movement exemplifies the emerging __________ value. a. self-fulfillment b. aging population c. leisure d. acceptance

a. self-fulfillment

People's __________ have to do with what they think is appropriate in life. a. values b. mores c. taboos d. folkways

a. values

The core value of education has __________. a. been easily pursued in the United States because college students are uninhibited b. changed to the point where nowadays a college education is thought to be a reasonable aim for most students in the United States c. not been held by most Americans since the 1960s d. changed over the years, until today a college education is considered an appropriate goal only for a small number of Americans

b. changed to the point where nowadays a college education is thought to be a reasonable aim for most students in the United States

To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called __________. a. ethnocentrism b. cultural relativism c. folklore d. cultural education

b. cultural relativism

A term for rules of behavior is __________. a. culture b. norms c. moral holidays d. sanctions

b. norms

"In God We Trust" appears on money in the United States. This reflects the core value of __________. a. group superiority b. religiosity c. education d. freedom

b. religiosity

A distinct world within the overarching culture is a __________. a. superculture b. subculture c. miniculture d. monoculture

b. subculture

Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is __________. a. material culture b. symbolic culture c. gestural culture d. culture shock

b. symbolic culture

If you study hard to get a degree so you can get a good job and afford a nice home and car, you could be said to be bound up in __________. a. a confused approach to life b. a value contradiction c. a value cluster pertaining to success d. the value of democracy

c. a value cluster pertaining to success

The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects passed from one generation to the next make up a group's __________. a. identity b. ethnocentrism c. culture d. material culture

c. culture

The __________ culture refers to the values, norms, and goals that a group considers worth aiming for. a. real b. concrete c. ideal d. fantasy

c. ideal

The basis of culture is __________. a. customs b. heredity c. language d. sociology

c. language

When you break norms, you receive __________. a. positive sanctions b. a day in class c. negative sanctions d. hugs and kisses

c. negative sanctions

Nonmaterial culture refers to a group's __________. a. art b. weapons c. ways of thinking and doing d. eating utensils

c. ways of thinking and doing

Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is __________. a. parental approval b. economics c. mutual respect d. romantic love

d. romantic love

The term "real culture" refers to __________. a. the norms and values that people aspire to follow b. historical culture c. universal culture d. the norms and values that people actually follow

d. the norms and values that people actually follow

One thing that can be said about material culture is that __________. a. it is "natural" b. it includes gestures c. it includes a people's language d. there is nothing "natural" about it

d. there is nothing "natural" about it

A __________ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality. a. continuity b. folkway c. taboo d. value contradiction

d. value contradiction