chapter 2 inquizitive

Complete the passage to describe colonies in North America

The English colonies were more prosperous and populous than their European competitors for two main reasons: they were private business ventures and were more autonomous than Spanish and French colonies, which were strictly regulated by their ruling monarchs. Additionally, the English encouraged immigration and settlement, whereas the others prioritized short-term economic gains.

Identify the following as descriptions of either English or Spanish colonies.

ENGLISH: - These colonial settlers viewed Native Americans as obstacles to their permanent colonial settlement. -The availability of cheap land resulted in huge waves of immigration and colonial settlement with a total population that exceeded 1 million by 1 - Although supported by royal charter, these colonies were the product of privately funded ventures known as joint-stock companies as opposed to enterprises funded by the monarch. SPANISH: -These Europeans were widely dispersed and commonly lived among and intermarried with Native Americans in colonized regions. - Their colonial ventures were royal expeditions funded by the monarch.

How did colonization affect the Native American population?

Entire communities formed by Native Americans were pushed beyond the frontier. By the 18th century, the Native American population drastically dropped.

Identify the statement that reflects the relationship English settlers established with Native Americans.

It varied from one colony to the next. -For instance, settlers in colonies in Pennsylvania established a friendly relationship with the Native Americans from the beginning. In other places, like in Plymouth, Indians were crucial for the survival of Pilgrims.

What was the Mayflower Compact and how did it impact the political organization of the Plymouth colony?

It was a covenant among the first settlers onboard the Mayflower to form a government. Since there was no established government upon arrival, they agreed to abide by all laws enacted by their chosen leaders.

What was the Jamestown "headright" policy, and why was it significant to English settlers?

It was a policy that provided fifty acres upon arrival to any Englishman who bought a share in the company, and fifty more for every servant he brought as well. Promises of the "rights of Englishmen" were crucial for assuring English settlers that they would enjoy the same broad civil liberties as they did in the motherland.

The English government did not lead or fund the colonization of North America; yet, the government did have a few goals in mind. Which were the English government's goals when encouraging settlers to move to the New World?

to provide the mother country with raw materials to develop a consumer market in America for goods and luxury items manufactured in England

English colonists in North America enjoyed a higher standard of living than their counterparts in England. On average, they were better clothed, housed, and fed.

true n North America, land was cheap and plentiful compared to land in England. Additionally, large portions of the population in English colonies benefited from various forms of slavery.

English colonists in North America enjoyed a higher standard of living than their counterparts in England. On average, they were better clothed, housed, and fed.

true

Describe how the English colonists differed from the Dutch and the French in their interactions with Native Americans.

English settlers were more interested in acquiring Native American lands, while French and Dutch colonists generally developed amicable relations with neighboring Native Americans in order to maintain a prosperous fur trade.

Identify all of the factors that contributed to Bacon's Rebellion.

-Falling tobacco prices -Governor Berkeley's refusal to attack Indians -Lack of land for free white men

Match the colonies to their description

Connecticut - sought to establish a "Christian Commonwealth" but allowed individuals other than church members to vote New Hampshire - Massachusetts's authority over this colony was overturned in a lawsuit and the settlement became a royal colony Rhode Island - first settlement to allow complete freedom of religion and insist upon the separation of church and state Maine - colony of scattered settlements taken over by Massachusetts

Complete the passage to describe the divisions in the Church of England.

The Puritans were dissenters who believed that the Church of England needed to be purified from within, while the Pilgrims were considered more radical Separatists who had given up on the Church of England. Facing persuasion by King James I, they fled to the New World. Both groups sought to purify their own churches of all Catholic and Anglican rituals.

What factors contributed to the success of the English colonies compared to their European rivals?

-English colonies enjoyed a greater degree of self-government, and thus greater governing flexibility than Spanish and French colonies, which resulted in more dynamic and creative colonies. -English colonies were structured as profit-making businesses that encouraged expansion, whereas royal colonies established by other colonial powers stifled innovation and limited population growth. -The concentration of English colonies in densely populated centers along the east coast of North America from Florida to Maine allowed them to develop and maintain relations with Europe without overexpanding in the Americas.

Describe how the English employed the colony of Georgia for strategic purposes.

-Georgia rested between the borders of Carolina and Florida and was employed as a military buffer against the Spanish, who had colonized Florida to the south. -Georgia rested between the border of Carolina and Florida and served as a refuge for debtors, the "worthy poor," and refugees.

Describe how relations between Quakers and Native Americans differed from relations between Native Americans and the majority of English colonists.

-The first fifty years following the establishment of Quaker settlements in Pennsylvania were peaceful between the Quakers and the surrounding Native American societies. -William Penn and other Quaker leaders worked to learn the languages and understand the cultures of their Native American neighbors. -Quakers bought land titles from consenting Native Americans instead of seizing their land by force and coercion.

Match the European power to the features of its colonies.

English - This European power's colonies had the greatest degree of self-government. Spanish and French - These European powers' colonies were tightly controlled by the Monarch. Dutch and English - These European powers' colonies encouraged diverse groups of immigrants. Spanish -This European power's colonies were controlled by a wealthy few who intended to return to Europe.

Because of their continuous persecution in England, Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony refused to antagonize those who harbored differing views and sought to cultivate a climate of religious tolerance.

FALSE -Despite fleeing England on account of religious persecution, Puritans punished, imprisoned, banished, or even executed individuals with other religious views. Catholics, Anglicans, Quakers, and Baptists had no rights in Puritan New England.

New Amsterdam, the capital city of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, was more economically, socially, and religiously conservative and restrictive than the English Puritan colonies in New England.

FALSE -New Amsterdam was the site of major profit-making enterprise, leading the Dutch to preoccupy themselves much more with profits and freedom than with religion and restrictions. This situation was a stark contrast to English colonies such as Massachusetts Bay, which prided itself on being a model of Christianity for others to imitate.

What were the lasting effects of King Philip's War on the New England colonies and the neighboring Native American communities?

King Philip/Metacomet was executed and his severed head was displayed on a pole to remind Native Americans of the cost of engaging the English colonies militarily. A mandatory military draft was instituted for the first time in the American colonies. The conflict claimed proportionately more lives in the New England colonial population than any subsequent American war to date.

Identify the defining characteristics of slavery in the mainland English colonies by the 1750s.

Most slaves worked on plantations growing cash crops like tobacco, rice, or sugar. Most slaves were born in the colonies.

How was New England, a colony in the north, different from its counterparts in the south?

New England colonists lived in larger families than in the south. New England colonists experienced fewer diseases than the colonies in the south.

Place the following events in the order in which they occurred.

Queen Elizabeth dies without an heir. -King James IV of Scotland becomes King James I of England and asserts "divine right," thus suppressing religious dissent. -Puritans begin to face persecution in England. -Pilgrims flee to America. -Charles I ascends the English throne, causing many Puritans to move to Europe, the West Indies, and America. -Militant Puritans rule England, and outlaw Anglican and Catholic faith. -Civil war erupts in England, ending in the beheading of Charles I. -The monarchy is restored and embraces Catholicism, thus suppressing dissent. -The "Glorious Revolution" establishes political power as derived from the people.

Which features of early New England settlements does the following map illustrate?

Religious conflict in England and religious disputes in the New World motivated many English colonists to found their own distinct colonies.

Complete the passage regarding slave conditions in the New World.

Slavery spread because of the enormous profits that it generated for slave traders and slave owners. The enslavement of Africans was justified by widespread racism that viewed them as chattel. Slaves worked both in their master's house, and on large plantations in labor gangs, growing cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and sugar.

What does it reveal about the conditions of Africans on such vessels traveling across the Middle Passage?

Slaves were packed extremely tightly in constant darkness below deck, often for months.

What does John Smith's map illustrate about Virginia?

The members of the Powhatan Confederacy lived in established villages. The Jamestown settlers established their colony in a region populated by many Native American communities.

Complete the passage to describe an English monarch.

The seventeenth century was a period of religious division in the Church of England. Reformers known as Puritans criticized the established church. Some of these reformers fled England and settled in America. The reign of King Charles I was marked by intolerance of religious diversity and disregard for English traditions of government dating back to the Magna Carta of 1215. Charles asserted divine right as his claim to rule and disbanded Parliament. Ultimately his draconian policies resulted in civil war, which concluded with his beheading.

What did Roger Williams mean when he warned that the lust for land would become "as great a God with us English as Gold was a God with the Spanish"?

The way the English dissolved the Pequot Nation and took its land after the Treaty of Hartford was a display of such profound hunger for land that it rivaled religious zeal.

Once indentured servants entered into their contract, their rights became severely limited. What were the conditions these servants faced during their indenture?

Their length of service could be extended due to bad behavior. They were not allowed to engage in trade. They could not get married without permission from their masters.

Although the English government did not actively establish colonies by using royal expeditions, it still had major policy objectives relating to colonial governance. Identify the major English governmental policy objectives.

establish consumer markets in the colonies for English export goods exploit the abundance of raw materials in the colonies: particularly timber, tobacco, and fur pelts use the colonies as a means to remove social rebels, religious dissenters, convicts, and vagrants from England