Chapter 2 Middle Ages

The Southern Slavs associated themselves with both?

The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church (This included Croats)

What had no effect over either Germany or Italy?

The Holy Roman Empire

Western Frankish lands formed what?

The Kingdom of France

Western Slavs formed what?

The Polish and Bohemian kingdoms

Hungary associated themselves with?

The Roman Catholic Church

France only controlled what area?

The area around Paris

Norway

Oslo

France

Paris

Austria

Vienna

Poland

Warsaw

France expanded its income and power under whose rule?

Philip II Augustus (1180-1223)

What was Philip IV's nickname?

Philip the Fair

Czech Republic

Prague

What led to the revival of cities?

Revival of trade

In the town elections were often?

Rigged

Italy

Rome

Common law was formed because?

Royal courts were found throughout England?

By 800, 60% of people were what?

Serfs (peasants)

Sweden

Stockholm

Feudalism

a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service

Common Law

a uniform system of law that developed in England based on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than on written law codes; replaced law codes that varied from place to place

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Charter

a written grant of authority from the king

Codify

arrange (laws or rules) into a systematic code.

What did Parliament do?

granted taxes, discussed politics, and passed laws

Serf

in medieval Europe, a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord's control

Chivalry

in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold

medieval

relating to the Middle Ages

Estate

social class

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Fief

under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within his fief

Vassal

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity

Knight

under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry

Fuedal Contract

under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

Who fought the Italians in hope of getting their land?

German Kings

What did guilds do?

- Regulated production and sale of goods - Established standards of quality for manufactured goods

How many territories was the Carolingian Empire split into?

3

When was the Carolingian Empire split into 3

843

when was hugh capet elected king

987

Magna Carta (1215)

A "Great Charter" signed by King John of England, which limited the power of the English monarchy. The Charter promised that the King would not imprison English nobles or townspeople except according to the laws of the land and after a fair trial.

Merchants, artisans, and most product makers became part of what?

A guild

Netherlands

Amsterdam

Germany

Berlin

Switzerland

Bern

Belgium

Brussels

Hungary

Budapest

What agriculture tool greatly helped working in the fields?

Carruca (The Heavy Plow)

German monks converted the Western Slavs into?

Christianity

Denmark

Copenhagen

What did serfs give to the lords?

Crop, rent, and their harvest

Towns bordered by stone walls were commonly?

Crowded and tight

The Eastern Slavs associated themselves with the Eastern Orthodox church because of which two Byzantine brothers?

Cyril and Methodius

Ireland

Dublin

What lands became Germany?

Eastern Frankish Lands under Saxons became kings

Manorialism

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

What led to increased population?

Farming and peaceful times (1000-1300)

Frederick II wanted a strong centralized state in Italy but?

Fell to the Italians

Philip IV created the French Parliament which included which 3 estates?

First Estate: The Clergy Second Estate: The Nobles Third Estate: The townspeople and peasants

What did Lords give to serfs?

Food, land, shelter, and protection

Who focused in getting revenue from Italy, but later fell to the Pope and the northern cities?

Frederick I

What came from having a weak centralized government

Fuedalism

Finland

Helsinki

King Edward I made Parliament which was made of which two houses?

House of Lords (nobles and church lords), and the House of Commons (knights and townspeople)

Parliament

In 13th Century England, the representative government that emerged; it was composed of two knights from every country, two people from every town, and all the nobles and bishops throughout England.

Why was iron essential in the agricultural field?

It made many of the new tools

Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?

Italian cities, Venice and Flanders

Ukraine

Kiev

Who was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962 because he protected the Pope?

King Otto I

Who was the patron of German culture and brought the church under his control?

King Otto I

Portugal

Lisbon

Louis IX of France brought justice by?

Listening to peoples complaint's in person

England

London

Who gained power when offering protection during times of conflict?

Lords

Which king was later made a Saint?

Louis IX

What did knights give to lords?

Loyalty and military service

What did Philip IV do?

Made the monarchy stronger by expanding royal bureauracy by 1300

Spain

Madrid

What was King John forced to sign?

Magna Carta

Keivan Rus reached their high point when?

Mid 11th century

The economy changed from being based off of trade to being based off of what?

Money

Russia

Moscow

What did King Henry II do to property cases?

Moved them from local court to royal court.

Which viking leader settled Ukraine and opened up trade routes to the Byzantines?

Oleg

Who was more powerful then the king of France

The dukes

Since Germany was weak from fighting with Italy?

The dukes took control instead of the King

What did King Henry II increase?

The number of criminal cases tried in the King's coury.

What did William of Normandy develop?

The system of taxation, royal courts, and the first census

What could the lord not take from his Serf's?

Their land

Serf's had to abide by the political authority of who?

Their lord

Why made viking such good invaders of Europe?

Their shipbuilding

Why did the Kievan Rus prosper?

Their trade routes between the Baltic and Black Sea

What was the crop rotation technique made in the Middle Ages?

Three field crop rotation

Why did Cyril create the Cyrillic alphabet?

To create a Christian bible

When did townspeople gain new rights and why?

Towns people gained new right in 1100. Towns people needed freedom for trade. They wanted their own unique laws and willing to pay for it

The Kievan Rus settled in present-day?

Ukraine and Russia