Chapter 2 Radiation Protection questions

D. ETHOS Project

A 3 year pilot research project was launched in the Republic of Belarus in 1996, in the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, to empower local citizens in making their own decisions regarding reconstruction of their overall quality of life; this project was known as the: A. ALARA program B. Belarus Health Impact Study C. Chernobyl Rehabilitation Taskforce D. ETHOS Project

c. 37%

According to NCRP Report No. 160, which reflects usage patterns through 2006, radon and thoron account for what percentage of natural background radiation exposure? a. 15% b. 25% c. 37% d. 55%

C. High-speed electrons

Beta particles are identical to _____ except for their origin. A. Alpha particles B. Gamma rays C. High-speed electrons D. X-rays

b. medical radiation procedures

from which of the following sources do human beings receive the largest dose of ionizing radiation? a. radioactive fallout from atomic weapons testing b. medical radiation procedures c. cosmic rays d. area around a nuclear reactor

c. members of the general population living near Kiev in the former Soviet Union at the time of the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

of the following groups of people, which group is most likely to experience adverse health effects as a consequence of substantial exposure to ionizing radiation? a. employees on duty at TMI-2 at the time of the 1979 nuclear power plant accident b. members of the general population living within 50 miles of the TMI-2 nuclear reactor at the time of the 1979 accident. c. members of the general population living near Kiev in the former Soviet Union at the time of the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant d. news reporters visiting the former Soviet Union 10 years after the 1986 Chernobyl accident

c. radon

thoron is a radioactive decay product of an isotope of: a. carbon b. iodine c. radon d. strontium

d. they are all sources of manmade radiation

what do airport surveillance systems, ionization-type smoke detectors, older luminous dial timepieces, nuclear power plants, and false teeth made of porcelain have in common? a. they are all sources of natural background radiation b. they each contribute 0.05 mSv per year to the equivalent dose received by the global population c. they are not sources of ionizing radiation d. they are all sources of manmade radiation

c. equivalent dose

which of the following is a radiation quantity, used for radiation protection purposes, that attempts to specify numerically the differences in transferred energy and therefore potential biologic harm that is produced by different types of radiation? a. absorbed dose b.effective dose c. equivalent dose d. exposure

c. a flight on a commercial airplane

which of the following places human beings in closer contact with extraterrestrial radiation? a. posteroanterior and lateral digital radiographic images of the chest b. deep-sea diving c. a flight on a commercial airplane d. visit to a nuclear power plant

A. Leukemia cases

Russian liquidators who worked during 1986 and 1987 at the Chernobyl nuclear power complex demonstrated a statistically significant rise in the number of: A. Leukemia cases B. Liver cancer cases C. Pancreatic cancer cases D. Prostate cancer cases

A. 0.3 mSv

As of 2006, the average U.S. inhabitant received an EqD of approximately ____ per year from extraterrestrial radiation. A. 0.3 mSv B. 0.6 mSv C. 0.9 mSv D. 1.0 mSv

d. 8000 times lighter than alpha particles

Beta particles are: a. 8 times lighter than alpha particles b. 80 times lighter than alpha particles c. 800 times lighter than alpha particles d. 8000 times lighter than alpha particles

A. The largest manmade dose of ionizing radiation received by humans.

Medical radiation procedures account for: A. The largest manmade dose of ionizing radiation received by humans. B. The second largest manmade dose of ionizing radiation received by humans. C. The smallest manmade dose of ionizing radiation received by humans. D. Negligence manmade doses of ionizing radiation received by humans.

c. 3 only

Of the following radiations, which are classified as ionizing radiation? 1. infrared rays, low-energy ultraviolet radiation, and microwaves 2. Low-energy ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, and visible light 3. High-energy ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, and x-rays a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1,2, and 3

b. 2 only

Of the following radiations, which are classified as particulate radiations? 1. x-rays and gamma rays 2. alpha particles and beta particles 3. gamma rays and high energy ultraviolet radiation a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1,2, and 3

C. Natural sources of ionizing radiation.

Radioactive elements in the crust of the earth and in the human body may be classified as: A. Enhanced natural sources of ionizing radiation. B. Enhanced manmade sources of ionizing radiation. C. Natural sources of ionizing radiation. D. Unnatural sources of ionizing radiation.

C. 2 and 3 only

The Frequency of exposure to manmade radiation in medical applications continues to increase rapidly among all age groups in the United States because of: 1. Health insurance requirements 2. Medicolegal considerations 3. Physicians relying more on radiologic diagnosis to assist them in patient care A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

C. Priscilla Test

The United States performed above-ground nuclear weapons tests before 1963. During the ______, an atomic cloud was created by a 37-kiloton testing device that was exploded from a balloon at the Nevada test site on June 24, 1957. The top of the atomic cloud, which contained manmade ionizing radiation, ascended approximately 43,000 feet. A. Bikini Test B. Manhattan Project C. Priscilla Test D. Rongelap Project

d. radiation dose

The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of: a. electromagnetic energy b. linear acceleration c. radioactive decay d. radiation dose

D. 1, 2, and 3

The amount of radiation a patient receives may be indicated in terms of: 1. Entrance skin exposure 2. Bone marrow dose 3. Gonadal dose A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

B. Do not have sufficient kinetic energy to eject electrons from atoms.

Ultraviolet radiation less than 10 eV, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves are considered to be nonionizing because they: A. Have sufficient kinetic energy to eject electrons from atoms. B. Do not have sufficient kinetic energy to eject electrons from atoms. C. Have sufficient potential energy to eject electrons from atoms. D. Do not have sufficient potential energy to eject electrons from atoms.

D. 1, 2, and 3

Which of the following commonly used building materials contain(s) radon? 1. Bricks 2. Concrete 3. Gypsum wallboard A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

A. Atomic number

Which of the following identifies an element and determines its placement in the periodic table of elements? A. Atomic number B. Atomic weight C. Combining power D. Valence

C. Radioactive decay

Which of the following is a naturally occurring process by which instability of the nucleus is relieved through various types of nuclear spontaneous emissions? A. Electromagnetic radiation B. Electromagnetic ionization C. Radioactive decay D. Radioactive fallout

C. Lymphocytes

White blood cells that defend the body against foreign invaders by producing antibodies to combat disease are: A. Erythrocytes B. Granulocytes C. Lymphocytes D. Ostocytes