Chapter 2 Sigmund freud

Freud's research can be criticized for all of the following points except: a. he did not look deeply into the psyche. b. his data was not gathered in a systematic fashion. c. he made very few attempts to verify the accuracy of his patients' reports. d. his sample of subjects was small and unrepresentative of the general population.

a

On which of the following is Freud's theory as a homeostatic approach based? a. Balance and equilibrium b. Homosexuality and heterosexuality c. Sexual fantasies from childhood d. None of these are correct.

a

The _____ includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware at any given moment. a. conscious b. preconscious c. post conscious d. unconscious

a

The purpose of Freud's techniques of dream analysis and free association: a. is to evaluate, assess, or find the unconscious. b. is to depict humans in gloomy, pessimistic terms. c. is to eliminate a patient's set of sexual desires and wants. d. is to suppress sexual tensions and frustrations.

a

Which of the following Freudian ideas has not been supported by research? a. The personality being subject to little change after age five b. The existence of verbal "Freudian" slips c. The existence of the unconscious d. The defense mechanism of repression

a

According to Freud, what are the two primary types of instincts? a. Sex and habits b. Life and death c. Food and hunger d. Pleasure and desire

b

During his childhood, Freud revealed a deep sense of _____ toward his mother. a. hatred b. attachment c. dependence d. anger

b

In the context of the structure of personality, the preconscious resides within: Select one: a. the id. b. the ego. c. the superego d. both the id and the superego

b

Of the three levels of personality, the _____ strives for immediate satisfaction of its needs and does not tolerate delay or postponement of satisfaction for any reason. a. mirror self b. id c. ego d. superego

b

Paradoxical to his own theory, Freud believed that the sex act was _____. a. holy b. degrading c. uplifting d. impressive

b

The ego-ideal, which is the second part of the superego, consists of: a. those behaviors for which children are punished. b. good or correct behaviors for which children are praised. c. the reality principle and its strivings for the ideal ego. d. ideals and principles the ego has rejected.

b

Which of the following statements is true of Freud's opinion of America? a. He refused to accept any formal recognition from the American psychological community. b. He complained about America's informality, although it helped bring him world-wide fame. c. He founded the American Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psycho-analytic Society. d. He cherished his visit to the United States and spoke highly of its way of life.

b

An example of a Freudian slip would be: a. "Oops, I forgot to lock the door!" b. "Is my slip showing?" c. "The fact that I lost my wallet came as a sham dock to me!" d. "I thought I brought my car keys with me, but I left them at home."

c

Attempts at scientifically validating Freudian concepts indicate that: a. not one of Freud's ideas has scientific support. b. almost all of Freud's ideas have scientific support. c. there is scientific support for only some of Freud's ideas. d. Freudian ideas cannot be investigated scientifically.

c

Freud considered _____ as compelling a part of human nature as sex. a. passion b. morality c. aggression d. resistance

c

Freud's techniques of assessment: a. exclude dreams of a sexual basis. b. rely heavily on self-report inventories. c. reveal a great deal of repressed material. d. focus on conscious experiences.

c

Much research on the nature of the unconscious involves _____ in which stimuli are presented to people below their level of conscious awareness. a. catharsis b. cachectic attachment c. subliminal perception d. sublimation

c

One problem with Freud's published case histories is that they: a. simply repeat the notes he took during the sessions with patients. b. are based primarily on statements made under hypnosis. c. sometimes differ from the notes he made after each session with a patient. d. are based primarily on dream analyses.

c

Sigmund Freud's theory of personality and system of therapy for treating mental disorders is known as _____. a. psychosomatics b. psychomeditation c. psychoanalysis d. psychiatry

c

Which of the following is the exclusive source of energy for human behavior? a. Personal opinions b. Ego c. Instincts d. Id

c

Which of the following is true in the context of penis envy as described by Freud? a. Woman have underdeveloped sex organs and capacities compared to men. b. Unlike men, women can never be fully developed until they have a female child. c. Girls can have a poorly developed superego due to the female Oedipus complex. d. Boys can have an inferiority complex, more so than girls, as a result of penis envy.

c

Which of the following is true of the system of psychotherapy, which was developed by Sigmund Freud? a. In some European countries, traditional face-to-face psychoanalytic sessions have now replaced online sessions. b. Growing numbers of people are against seeking therapy for behavioral and emo-tional problems. c. Fewer numbers of people are choosing the expensive, long-term approach Freud developed. d. Longer courses of therapy lasting several years, which focus on holistic care, have become the norm.

c

Which of the following statements is true of Anna Freud? a. She rejected Freud's theory of psychoanalysis and developed her own, distinct the-ory. b. She had a happy childhood and was her mother's favorite child. c. She became the only one of Freud's six children to follow in his path. d. She was held in high regard by her siblings and spent most of her time with them.

c

Which of the following statements is true of instincts as described by Freud? a. An instinct is a state of physiological excitation or energy. b. When the body is in a state of need, a person experiences a feeling of calm-ness. c. The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension. d. It is always possible to escape the pressure of our physiological needs.

c

All of the following are associated with Freud's investigation of the unconscious except: a. free association b. dream analysis c. resistances d. questionnaires

d

Freud made _____ an important part of his personality theory, asserting that it is fundamental to the development of all neurotic and psychotic behavior. a. pleasure b. guilt c. disgust d. anxiety

d

Freud's concepts of the ego, id, and libido: a. have a high degree of objectivity b. have great credibility c. are reinforced and supported in re-search. d. could not be tested experimentally.

d

Identify a true statement in the context of Loftus's studies concerning false memories. a. A therapist could implant false memories knowingly or unknowingly. b. A person's memories can't always be judged as true. c. "Repressed" memories of childhood may not be accurate in reality. d. All of these are correct.

d

In children, temper tantrums, manipulating parents, and destructive behaviors are formed in the: a. latency stage. b. phallic stage. c. oral stage. d. anal stage.

d

The preconscious: a. describes our dream life. b. is stored in the pre-frontal cortex of the brain c. describes our values and morals. d. is the storehouse for our memories, thoughts, and perceptions.

d

Which of the following is a criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis by personality theorists?

To develop a theory of human personality, only the healthy, positive human qualities need to be studied

According to Freud, _____ is the form of psychic energy, manifested by the life instincts, that drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts. a. libido b. cathexis c. catharsis d. mood

a

Childhood sexual abuse: a. can be debilitating through life and, in reality, is more widespread than Freud envi-sioned. b. is removed out of a person's awareness and later reliably recovered. c. can result from the occurrence of Freudian slips. d. is to be ignored and dismissed as unreal by a therapist counseling a victim.

a

Freud believed ___ to be the primary cause of all neuroses. a. sexual conflicts b. hating one's parents c. unresolved guilt d. frequent illness in childhood

a

Freud regarded _____ as our primary motivation. a. sex b. reliability c. fear d. morality

a

Freud used the case study method for his psychological research. One of the disadvantages of this method is that: a. he used a small and unrepresentative sample of those he studied. b. it was impossible to probe into his patients' childhood years. c. he could not find consistencies and patterns, which were important to develop his theory. d. it could not point out any particular causal factor in neurotic behavior.

a

Freud's German term for the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction is: a. Trieb. b. Druck. c. Mentalität. d. Bedarf.

a

Later in Freud's life, _____ and _____ affected him deeply and thus became major themes in his theory as well as in his in own life. a. death; aggression b. conflicts; disagreements c. sex; fantasies d. disease; helplessness

a

According to Freud, _____ refers to the investment of psychic energy in an object or person. a. libido b. cathexis c. instinct d. aggressive drive

b

According to Freud, _____ serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex. a. peak experience b. life instincts c. needs for esteem and social recognition d. organismic valuing processes

b

According to Freud, _____ are the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction. a. fantasies b. moral beliefs c. defense mechanisms d. instincts

d