Chapter 2

a leader who is good at analyzing and solving problems in his or her area of expertise

cognitive intelligence

samantha hires entry level, part-time analysts to meet deadlines while also looking out for experienced consultants to drive the future of her department

farsightedness and conceptual thinking

adam, a professor, is clear about what he wants in assignments and communicates the same to his students

assertiveness

_____ is the ability to control one's emotions, for example, by not shouting even when one is angry. a. Relationship management b. Self-management c. Social awareness d. Self-awareness

b. Self-management

george was promoted as a senior engineer because of his ability to adapt to different work situations

flexibility

leaders who exhibit this trait confront group members about their mistakes, and are capable of making legitimate demands on higher management

assertiveness

Mason is the CEO of a leather export company. In a meeting with the company's workers, held the previous year, Mason promised to make improvements to the work environment. In a year's time, he had managed to deliver his promise. Mason is a leader with what kind of personality? a. tenacious b. trustworthy c. flexible d. both born and made

b. trustworthy

clara, a store owner, always maintains sufficient stock of merchandise in anticipation of the high demand during festive seasons

proactive personality

Betty is the CEO of a pharmaceutical company. One of the products manufactured by her company had to be recalled following a health hazard evaluation by the FDA. Betty maintained her composure, and followed all the consequent legal procedures that the company had to face. She was certain that the company would be able to tackle this problem and emerge successful. Which of the following best exhibits Betty's characteristics? a. Warmth and sense of humor b. Self-confidence c. Creation-of-the-enterprise story d. Personalized power motive

b. Self-confidence

Michelle is the marketing manager at an automobile manufacturing firm. When the marketing team faced criticism for poor performance, she felt that her complacent nature was responsible for the poor results. Which of the following traits of core self-evaluations is being captured in this scenario? a. Generalized self-efficacy b. Self-esteem c. Locus of control d. Emotional stability

c. Locus of control

The CEO of Auto Pal asked Brittany how well she was proceeding with her strategic plan for the next year. Brittany gave a lackluster response to the CEO. She further added, "Maybe you could have one of those overpaid marketing specialists dream up a strategic plan that I could sign off on." If you were the CEO of Auto Pal, what advice would you give Brittany after receiving her response? a. Brittany needs to acquire higher levels of extraversion. b. Brittany should clarify that the CEO needs a sense of humor. c. Brittany should incorporate humility and authenticity in her responses. d. Brittany was right to respond bluntly and candidly instead of trying to sugar coat things.

c. Brittany should incorporate humility and authenticity in her responses.

julian, a team manager, uses the experience gained during his days as an intern to solve work-related everyday problems

proactive personality

when faced with a setback, leaders who exhibit this trait tenaciously work with their team to fix the problems, thereby bouncing back instead of giving up

resilience

three dominant characteristics of Power Motive

(1) they act with vigor and determination to exert their power, (2) they invest much time in thinking about ways to alter the behavior and thinking of others, and (3) they care about their personal standing with those around them

Core Self-Evaluations

A broad personality trait that captures bottom-line self-assessment, composed of self-esteem, locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and emotional stability.

insight

A depth of understanding that requires considerable intuition and common sense.

Trust

A person's confidence in another individual's intentions and motives and in the sincerity of that individual's word.

drive

A propensity to put forth high energy into achieving goals and persistence in applying that energy.

her zeal and enthusiasm for her work is infectious

task related trait

intuition

the mental process used to provide the understanding of a problem

frank has complete confidence in his friend clive and never doubts clive's intentions

trust

when leaders exhibit this trait, their team members have confidence in the leader's intentions and motives and in the sincerity of the leader's word

trustworthiness

socialized power motive

use power primarily to achieve organizational goals or a vision

leaders who exhibit this trait have the ability to see the overall perspective and understand how the external environment influences the organization and how different parts of the organization influence each other

conceptual thinking

boris is a person with a positive outlook and displays confidence in his abilities in several situations

core self-evaluations

proactive

creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen, rather than reacting after the event happens.

antonio, innovation strategist, frequently provides imaginative and inventive design ideas for the products his firm develops

creativity

Michael, a senior manager at a retail firm, is highly passionate about his job. Reaching a milestone is a joyful experience for him. In addition, Michael sets high standards and ambitious goals for himself and his team. Which of the following best describes his motives? a. Resilience b. Humility c. Personalized power motive d. Achievement motive

d. Achievement motive

Audrey is the CEO of a technology firm. She prefers an affluent lifestyle and craves more prestige and power. She spends her money extravagantly, throwing big lavish parties every month. Which of the following motives best describes Audrey's characteristic? a. Achievement motive b. Resilience c. Personalized power motive d. Tenacity

c. Personalized power motive

andrew is extremely passionate about his job as a scientist and persists with his efforts to achieve the desired objectives

drive

Social Awareness

having empathy for others and intuition about organizational problems

Relationship Management

includes the interpersonal skills of being able to communicate clearly and convincingly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds

kevin, a team leader, has a clear understanding of his team members capabilities, which helps him make decisions on task allocations

insight

personalized power motive

seek power mostly to further their own interests.

four key domains for Emotional Intelligence

self awareness Self-management Social awareness Relationship management

Authenticity

Being genuine and honest about your personality, values, and beliefs, as well as having integrity.

cognitive factors

Problem solving and intellectual skills collectively.

socialized

means that the leader uses power primarily to help others.

Leadership Motives

Power Motive Tenacity Drive and Achievement Motive Strong Work Ethic

when she makes a mistake she admits it freely

general personality trait

cognitive

is helpful to differentiate traditional mental ability from emotional intelligence.

she anticipates surges in business and plans for them

task related trait

her product ideas and development plans are gutsy

task-related trait

she is self-assured of her technical expertise

general personality trait

she values transparency in business operations

general personality trait

manager marieke delegates tasks within her team so that individual team members' skills are matched with the tasks they perform

insight

seth, a workshop floor manager, has thorough knowledge of the machines, tools, and products produces on the floor

knowledge of business of group task

generalized self-efficacy

means roughly the same thing as being self-confident in many situations

Proactive personality

A relatively stable tendency to effect environmental change.

mindfullness

A state of nonjudgmental attentiveness to and awareness of moment-to-moment experiences. referring to concentrating on the present moment without making judgments about what is happening

achievement motivation

Finding joy in accomplishment for its own sake.

Assertiveness

Forthrightness in expressing demands, opinions, feelings, and attitudes. As a cultural value, the degree to which individuals are (and should be) assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with one another.

self awareness

Insightfully processing feedback about oneself to improve personal effectiveness.

Task-Related Personality Traits of leader

Passion Courage Mindfulness Proactive Personality Flexibility and Adaptability Emotional Intelligence

Flexibility

The ability to adjust to different situations.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to do such things as understand one's feelings, have empathy for others, and regulate one's emotions to enhance one's quality of life.

practical intelligence

The ability to solve everyday problems by using experience-based knowledge to adapt to and shape the environment.

farsightedness

The ability to understand the long-range implications of actions and policies.

Self-management

This is the ability to control one's emotions and act with honesty and integrity in a consistent and adaptable manner.

What does Julian Barling's research indicate about the relationship heredity and environment in leadership potential? a. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to leadership emergence and leadership behavior. b. Environment creates leadership potential and is not affected by heredity. c. A person's genetic makeup is solely responsible for influencing the emotional intelligence necessary for leadership. d. People inherit a basic capacity that sets an outer limit to how much leadership potential they will have.

a. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to leadership emergence and leadership behavior.

Proactive behavior usually stems from a proactive personality and refers to self-initiated anticipatory action with the intent of either changing the situation or one's own behavior and attitudes. Which of the following examples shows the demonstration of proactive behaviour by an individual? a. Michelle always keeps project reports ready, as she knows that her manager can ask for them anytime. b. As the chief executive officer of a company, Jason is able to understand the long-term implications of policies. c. Being a team manager, Shirley clearly communicates what she expects from her team in terms of performance and commitment. d. Adam is an approachable manager and always tries to empathize with his team members when they face problems at work.

a. Michelle always keeps project reports ready, as she knows that her manager can ask for them anytime.

Tian is a creative product manager who is known for his tenacity. He is also an expert in his field who is capable of seeing the big picture. However, Tian is an introvert who often has difficulty "getting tough" with his team members. Despite his apparent shortcomings, Tian is considered an excellent leader. Which of the following limitations of the trait approach does Tian's story highlight? a. The trait approach prompts people to believe that effective leaders have a high standing on every leadership characteristic. b. The trait approach cannot distinguish characteristics of leaders from those of non-leaders. c. The trait approach emphasizes genetic ability over acquired talent and leadership skills. d. The trait approach fails to indicate which trait is absolutely needed, or how much of a trait, characteristic, or motive is the right amount.

a. The trait approach prompts people to believe that effective leaders have a high standing on every leadership characteristic.

helel, a chemist, derives pleasure from new discoveries and strives for innovation

achievement motivation

leaders with this motive find joy in accomplishment for its own sake. they tend to moderate risks that can be handled through their own efforts

achievement motive

susan is a genuine person and is honest about her intentions and values

authenticity

In response to Katie's report on new procurement software, Brittany replied, "Doesn't this great new software come from a company that employs a relative of yours? We are already using state-of-the-art software." Which of the following would be a better way of telling Katie that the present software is more efficient than the one she is suggesting? a. Be more proactive so that the need for suggesting new software doesn't arise. b. Appreciate Katie's suggestion, and explain to her the efficiency of the current software. c. Make Katie understand the efficiency of the present software by using aggressive humor. d. Tell a creation-of-the-enterprise story to inject passion into Katie's work.

b. Appreciate Katie's suggestion, and explain to her the efficiency of the current software.

Maxwell, a CEO, is known for his spontaneous style of leadership. Every week, he takes time off from his work schedule to personally meet the employees of the company to hear their ideas and opinions. Which of the following traits best describes Maxwell's approach? a. Assertiveness b. Authenticity c. Emotional stability d. Tenacity

b. Authenticity

Diane works as a sales manager at Timothy Inc., a manufacturer of consumer goods. Despite Diane's consistent contributions, dedication, and enthusiasm, the sales team performs poorly. After a few months of poor performance, Diane realizes that the team members are not working to the best of their abilities and are rather inefficient. Which of the following should Diane do to revive the sales performance? a. She should demonstrate passion toward work and toward the people who help accomplish the work. b. She should be assertive in expressing demands, opinions, feelings, and attitudes in a forthright manner. c. She should employ humor as a means to improve her approachability and people orientation. d. She should emphasize her personalized power motive so that she can get ahead.

b. She should be assertive in expressing demands, opinions, feelings, and attitudes in a forthright manner.

When Brittany was approached by the merchandise specialist requesting a two-week paternity leave, Brittany replied that such a request was "kind of wimpy," and a little bit out of the ordinary. Sid was taken aback by her response. Which of the following leadership traits should Brittany work on to improve her response? a. She should be more proactive. b. She should focus on improving her emotional intelligence. c. She should learn to become a resilient leader. d. She should focus on building her personalized power motive.

b. She should focus on improving her emotional intelligence.

A leader is said to be proactive if he creates or controls a situation by causing something to happen, rather than react after the event happens. Hence, leaders exhibit proactive behavior by ________ . a. bouncing back after a major setback b. taking anticipatory action to change a situation c. using their power primarily to help others d. displaying empathy for others

b. taking anticipatory action to change a situation

Alex, the regional head of a tractor manufacturing company, is unhappy with the sales performance in the previous quarter. Alex says to his employees, "The company's performance has been declining over the previous two quarters. We must work together to raise our performance levels and achieve better targets in the coming quarter." Which of the following traits best describes Alex's stance? a. Authenticity b. Social awareness c. Assertiveness d. Humility

c. Assertiveness

Which of the following is an advantage of the trait approach? a. It tells us which traits are absolutely needed in which leadership situations. b. It encourages people who are not outstanding on key leadership traits and characteristics to seek leadership positions. c. It can help people prepare for leadership responsibility and all of the issues that accompany it. d. It can help reduce the elitist conception of leadership.

c. It can help people prepare for leadership responsibility and all of the issues that accompany it.

Which of the following is a rationale for referring to conceptual thinkers as systems thinkers? a. They recognize the importance of ethical conduct. b. They tend to be born leaders. c. They understand how the external environment influences an organization. d. They tend to be gregarious, outgoing, and upbeat in most situations.

c. They understand how the external environment influences an organization.

Joshua, the head of a technology firm, decides to announce bonuses for his staff members following an increase in the firm's profit margins. The predetermined date of the bonus announcement coincides with a deadly storm rendering several people homeless and starving. Joshua understands that the time is not appropriate for making such an announcement given the grave situation. In this scenario, Joshua's decision exhibits _____. a. creativity b. transparency c. practical intelligence d. tenacity

c. practical intelligence

Cognitive Factors and Leadership

cognitive (or analytical) intelligence Knowledge of the business of group task creativity insight into people and situations farsightedness and conceptual thinking

peter is a computer engineer with excellent analytical and problem-solving abilities

cognitive factors

A person with which of the following traits has a relatively stable tendency to effect environmental change? a. Sense of humor b. Stubbornness c. Attractiveness d. Proactive personality

d. Proactive personality

Christopher is a dynamic, adaptable, and consistent leader. He has the ability to gauge whether he is exerting the right amount of pressure on his team members while working on a project. He shows empathy toward others, and he is able to amicably resolve disputes arising within the organization. This shows that Christopher is: a. driven by personalized power motives. b. perceived as being an excessively autocratic person. c. over-confident. d. a resonant leader.

d. a resonant leader.

Trish, a senior partner, is considered by many to be a collaborative leader. However, when the situation calls for an assertive leader, she is able to lay down the law and ensure that the rules are followed. Based on this information, Trish is an effective leader because she is _____. a. resilient b. dogmatic c. tenacious d. adaptive

d. adaptive

Andrew, the regional head of a dairy processing firm, is anticipating an increase in demand from retailers who plan to expand their stores. Therefore he decides to increase the production target by 40 percent for the current financial year. This shows that Andrew is _____. a. humble b. socially aware c. elitist d. proactive

d. proactive

Fran, the head of exports management at a textile manufacturing firm, was asked in a formal meeting with the CEO why her department was unable to meet its quarterly target. During the meeting, Fran stayed calm and in control and put forth her reasons in an unambiguous manner. This exhibits that Fran is a _____ leader. a. creative b. socially conscious c. enthusiastic d. self-confident

d. self-confident

self-esteem

deals with feeling positive toward the self

a leader who uses relationship management to effectively disarm conflicts and has the ability to build strong personal bonds

emotional intelligence

gerald always patiently listens to his colleagues and empathizes with them when they share their problems and concerns with him

emotional intelligence

carl, the director of a company, formulates plans and policies that will benefit the company in the long run

farsightedness

Characteristics associated with leadership

personality traits, motives, and cognitive factors

leaders with this motive do not worry about everybody liking them because they recognize that when one acquires power, one acquires enemies

personalized power motive

a street smart leader who relies on his or her experience to adapt and shape the environment

practical intelligence

True north

refers to a person's most deeply held beliefs, his or her values, and the principles that lead the person

Emotional stability

refers to having emotional control, not being neurotic, and having good mental health.

Emergence

refers to someone being perceived as having leadership qualities.

Conceptual thinking (systems thinker)

refers to the ability to see the overall perspective, and it makes farsightedness possible

Locus of control

refers to whether a person feels personally responsible for events happening to him or her

emotional culture

refers to which feelings people have at work, feelings they should have, and feeling they keep to themselves

leaders with this motive are able to bounce back from major setbacks in their careers through continuous effort

resilience and tenacity

General personality traits of a leader

self-confidence Humility Core Self-Evaluations Trustworthiness Authenticity Extraversion Assertiveness Enthusiasm Optimism Warmth Sense of Humor

leaders with this motive are less defensive and more willing to accept expert advice than those with personalized power motives

socialized power motive