Chapter 20
Before the age of 65, only _____ percent of adults experience significant brain loss.
1
What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer's disease?
1 in 1,000
Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.
12
Peak fertility occurs at about age _____.
18
Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.
25-65
Disability does not necessarily equal morbidity. In the United States, of the adults who have disabilities, only _____ percent consider their health to be fair or poor.
29
The 10 million U.S. residents with the highest SES (and the best health care) outlive the 10 million with the lowest SES who live in rundown areas by about _____ years.
30
In the United States, sterilization is common after age _____.
35
Worldwide, women live _____ years longer than men, but there is variation from place to place.
4
Hearing is most acute at about age _____.
5
If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.
5 to 10 years younger than
Maddy and Eric are both in their 40s. They have spent their early adult years focusing on their education and careers. Now that they are financially secure and successful, they want to have a baby. Maddy and Eric should know that couples in their 40s have a _____ percent infertility rate.
50
The average age of menopause is about _____ years.
51
At which age is an individual likely to experience the slowest sexual arousal?
60
Which vision change is NOT associated with aging?
Decreasing farsightedness
The World Health Organization calls _____ "the single largest preventable cause of death and chronic disease in the world today."
HIV
Which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65?
Hank, who drinks five beers per day
Most couples in _____ rely on sterilization to control family size.
India
Based on demographic trends, which of the following middle-aged adults is MOST likely to be obese?
Jon Tayne, who is African American
Which individual is most likely to live the longest with the least amount of disability?
Juanita, who has a law degree
Women are LEAST likely to know they have _____, a disease that is specifically linked to infertility.
PID
Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?
Some findings may have been affected by SES.
Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?
The space between the spinal disks widens.
Which country has the highest rate of individuals diagnosed with diabetes?
United States
Which of the following pregnant women is most likely to experience birth complications?
Vera, age 44
One risk factor associated with dieting is that many will go on and off diets so often that they develop _____.
a pattern of yo-yo dieting
At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 60. What caused her decrease in height?
age-related compression of the spine
After about a year of trying for a baby, Sean and Selma see their physician. The couple finds out that Sean has a low sperm count, which may explain the difficulty they are having. What should Sean avoid in order to improve his sperm count?
alcohol
Almost every adult consumes
alcohol
Women experience menopause; men experience _____.
andropause
Hearing how bad one's health is from a doctor can lead to _
anger and defiance
A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decide to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count.
assisted reproductive technology
After hearing test results from her doctor, Janice realized her weight was really affecting her health. With respect to the process of changing a habit, which step is Janice at?
awareness
The "Mediterranean" diet has been shown to protect against heart disease without adding weight. If Al were to eat a Mediterranean diet, he would eat all the following EXCEPT _____.
beef
Janice, who is 55 years old, needs to get three projects done by the end of the week at work. When she was younger, she would have worked on all three projects more or less at the same time. Now that she is older, however, Janice needs to work on one project at a time. Janice's current inability to multitask is due to changes in her _____.
brain
Marie is 50 years old. Which activity is likely most difficult for her to do?
dance a waltz
A study of women in the United States aged 40 and older found that sexual activity _____.
decreased each decade, but satisfaction did not
The process of changing a habit is long and multistepped. Which is the first step in this process?
denial
Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a "physical, mental, or emotional condition" is called "_____."
disability
Iris has arthritis in her hands, which limits her ability to cook meals and fold laundry. Iris's physical limitations are associated with _____.
disability
To assess how impaired Bill is by heart disease, one would determine his
disability adjusted life years
Once a person has reached adulthood, oxygen dispersal into the bloodstream from the lungs drops about 4 percent _____.
each decade
Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT _____.
eliminating the impact of tobacco use.
Thousands of scientists have found that _____ helps virtually every age-related condition that people encounter.
exercise
Research indicates that middle-aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.
extremely satisfied
Middle-aged Robert and his adolescent son are sitting at the table reading the newspaper. Robert is holding his section of the newspaper rather far from his eyes. His son asks, "Dad, why are you holding the paper so far away? If I held it that far away, I could not read anything!" Robert replies, "I think it is because I am developing ____
farsightedness
During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.
fertility problems
At a recent visit, Ted's doctor informed him that he is at an age when he is likely to experience lower testosterone levels. Ted was informed that, due to lower testosterone levels, he could experience a reduction in all the following EXCEPT ____
hair loss
Eve is considered obese because she _____.
has a BMI of 30 or more.
Jim, who is 60, could not understand why he kept slowly gaining weight. He was eating the same amount of food that he had each day since he was 20, and he got regular exercise. What could explain his weight gain?
his metabolism has slowed down
Most adults are not aware of senescence until about age 60 or so due to _____.
homeostasis
In poor nations, rates of smoking tend to increase with _____.
income
In controlled longitudinal studies, the U.S. Women's Health Initiative found that taking estrogen and progesterone _____ the risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer.
increased
Research has found that screening for prostate cancer has led to overdiagnosis, negative biopsies, and surgery to remove prostate cancer that would not have spread. This has resulted in _____ morbidity.
increased
Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.
infertile
____ harms human development in every way, evident in statistics on mortality, morbidity, disability, and vitality.
low SES
Which global trend is evident with regard to alcohol?
low income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations
Compared to men the same age, adult women have _____ rates of mortality and _____ rates of morbidity for almost every chronic disease.
lower; higher
A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signal _____.
menopause
Avery is 50 years old and is experiencing vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and cold sweats. She is most likely entering _____.
menopause
Obese, insulin-resistant pregnant women are at risk for having children with _____.
metabolic syndrome
Research has found that between the ages of 20 and 60, _____
metabolism slows down by about one-third
Research studies on alcohol use have shown that _____.
moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity
According to the text, which two factors protect health?
money and education
A researcher is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. These data reflect _____.
morbidity
Bob has just been diagnosed with diabetes. His diagnosis will contribute to the _____ rate.
morbidity
Marissa has a BMI of 40. She would be classified as _____.
morbidly obese
_____ usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 100,000 members of a given population.
mortality
Roger wants to be more physically active. His friend knows the research on what helps adults be more active and suggests that Roger _____.
move to a neighborhood with walking paths and sidewalks
In middle adulthood, a person is MOST likely to lose _____.
nearly an inch in height
A significant loss of hearing associated with senescence is referred to as "_____."
presbycusis
Which of the following psychoactive substances may be associated with increased use during adulthood?
prescription medicine
_____ is/are thought to be one cause of an epidemic of heroin deaths, which have more than tripled from 2010 to 2014.
prescription opioids
To assess how healthy and energetic Rita feels, one would determine her _____.
quality-adjusted life years
In an aging brain _____.
reaction time lengthens
For both men and women, as they age, _____.
reproduction becomes less likely
Harold, who is 55 years old, did not realize how much his physical appearance had changed until he saw a picture of himself taken 20 years ago. Harold's gradual change in physical appearance was due to _____.
senescence
Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT ____
senescence
The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.
skin
What is one crucial factor for success at the "implementation" stage of breaking a habit?
social support
Which statement about weight-loss surgery in obese adults is FALSE?
such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits
One specific culprit in modern weight gain is _____ consumption.
sucrose or fructose
The term "andropause," or "male menopause," is sometimes used to refer to _____.
the age-related reduction in testosterone
Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES on people's life spans?
the impact of SES on lifespan is decreasing in the United States
George, age 65, is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?
the voice of a small child
A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. Which characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?
their faces have wrinkles
The leading risk factor for many diseases is ___
tobacco use
As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?
two drinks per day
Currently in the United States, _____ of adults are overweight.
two-thirds
Alice has diabetes but tells everyone that she feels healthy and energetic. How Alice feels would be associated with a high score on a measure of _____.
vitality
The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is _____.
vitality
Which experience is least likely to be associated with hearing loss?
watching television
Implementation tends to be MOST successful when a person _____.
works on many habits at a time
