Chapter 20- The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation Practice Problems

List the following vessels that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure: capillary systemic vein aorta venule systemic artery superior vena cava

1. aorta 2. systemic artery 3. capillary 4. venule 5. systemic vein 6. superior vena cava

Rank veins from smallest to largest: large veins medium veins muscular venules postcapillary venules venous sinuses

1. postcapillary venules 2. muscular venules 3. medium veins 4. venous sinuses 5. large veins

The "salt-retaining hormone," _______, primarily promotes sodium retention by the kideys

Aldosterone

____ carry blood away from the heart.

Arteries

Which of the following can easily diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and lipid soluble hormones can easily diffuse through plasma membranes. Large, proteins, glucose, charged molecules and lipid insoluble molecules must bass through protein channels, pores or intercellular clefts.

A patient with a blood pressure reading 120/80 has:

a normal BP

A(n) _____ is a weak, bulging sack that pulsates with each part of heart and may eventually rupture.

aneurysm

The growth of new blood vessels is called _____.

angiogenesis

A small artery that empties into a capillary is called a(n) ______.

arteriole

The smallest resistance arteries are called _____.

arterioles

Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls?

baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

The feedback response to blood pressure changes is called a:

baroreflex

____ is defined as the force that blood exerts against vessel wall.

blood pressure

A capillary bed is an organized network of:

capillaries

The smallest type of blood vessels are called:

capillaries

Fluid exchange mainly occurs in:

capillaries Capillaries are the narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems which engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues.

The three basic types of blood vessels are:

capillaries, veins, arteries

Blood flow would be slowest in which blood vessels?

capillary Blood flow would be slowest in the capillary because there is more friction, there is a smaller radius and the capillary is further from the heart.

The primary role of _____ is to adjust respiration to changes in blood chemistry.

chemoreflexes

____ pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats.

diastolic

The movement of carbon dioxide from the tissue into the capillary blood occurs via ______.

diffusion Diffusion is the spontaneous net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration (down a concentration gradient).

The _____ acts as a selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream.

endothelium

The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica _____.

externa

A process in which hydrostatic pressure forces a fluid through a selectively permeable membrane (especially in a capillary wall) is known as ____.

filtration

The pressure in large arteries is ____ than that in a vein of similar size.

greater

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by:

headache, temporary weakness, temporary loss of vision, temporary paralysis, temporary dizziness

Hypertension is characterized by ______ blood pressure.

high

Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissue often include:

hormones, aminoacids, glucose, oxygen

Peripheral resistance _____ the flow of blood.

impedes

The tunica ______ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood.

interna

Edema is the accumulation of excess ___ fluid;

interstitiual

Identify the tissues that compromise the capillary endothelium.

loose connective, simple squamous epithelium

The effects of a stroke /cerebrovascular accident include:

loss of sensation, blindness, paralysis, loss of speech, weakness

______ are the type of blood vessel that links arterioles to capillaries.

metarterioles

The function of sensory receptors located in major arteries is to:

monitor blood chemistry, monitor blood pressure

____ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules.

muscular

In the coronary blood vessels, ____ and ____ bind to beta-adrenergic receptors and cause vasodilation.

norepineprhine and epinephrine

Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include:

oxygen, glucose, amino acids, lipids and other organic nutrients, minerals, antibodies, hormones

______ venules receive blood from capillaries.

postcapillary

Hemodynamics are based mainly on:

pressure and resistance

The physiological functions of vasoreflexes are to:

regulate blood pressure, modify perfusion to an organ or tissue. Vasomotion is the collective term for vasoconstrtiction and vasodilation, which can regulate blood pressure and modify perfusion or a particular organ or tissue.

____ are irregular blood-filled spaces in th liver, bone marrow, spleen, some other organs.

sinusoids

A transient ischemic attack (TIA is often a warning of an impending _____.

stroke

Narrowing of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media is known as:

vasoconstriction Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of a blood vessel due to muscular constriction of its tunica media.

Widening of the vessels is known as:

vasodilation

The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are ______.

veins

_______ are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

veins

Veins have ____ that ensure the one way flow of blood.

venous valves

Postcapillary ________ are the smallest of the veins.

venules