chapter 20

1. Another name for childbed fever is A. S. aureus intoxication. B. toxic shock syndrome. C. Klein's disease. D. puerperal fever.

puerperal fever.

4. The natural habitat of a pathogen is referred to as its A. home. B. primary inhabitance. C. infectious site. D. reservoir.

reservoir.

38. So far the only disease that has been globally eradicated is A. polio B. smallpox C. measles D. diphtheria

small pox

14. The reservoir of infection for botulism and tetanus is A. humans. B. soil. C. water. D. animals. E. soil AND water.

soil.

34. Because of the natural evolution of microorganismsit is necessary to use techniques that allow distinguishing them at the level of A. species. B. genera. C. family. D. strain.

strain

22. In order to prevent spread of microorganisms from the microbiology laboratory the room air should be A. under positive pressure. B. under negative pressure. C. filtered. D. chilled. E. under negative pressure AND filtered.

under negative pressure AND filtered.

13. Diseases that primarily exist in animals but may be transmitted to humans are called A. parasitic. B. symbiotic. C. zoonotic. D. epidemic.

zoonotic.

19. Large respiratory droplets typically travel no farther from point of release than A. 3 meters. B. 5 meters. C. 1 meter. D. 20 meters.

1 meter.

43. Which of the following may be associated with nosocomial disease? A. Enterococcus species. B. Escherichia coli. C. Pseudomonas species. D. Staphylococcus aureus. E. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

44. Which of the following contributes to nosocomial disease? A. susceptible population B. hospital environment C. other patients D. patient's own normal flora E. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

35. The publication of the CDC that reports new cases of reportable infectious diseases is titled A. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). B. State Health News Letter (SHNL). C. Federal Report of Infectious Disease (FRID). D. National Morbidity Weekly.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

2. The doctor responsible for introducing the idea of hand washing before attending patients was A. Klein. B. Semmelweis. C. Koch. D. Pasteur.

Semmelweis.

46. The guidelines designed for prevention of nosocomial disease during care of all patients is called A. Universal Disposables. B. Disinfection Manifesto. C. Asepsis Preference. D. Standard Precautions.

Standard Precautions.

21. Droplet nuclei typically travel no farther from point of release than A. 3 meters. B. 5 meters. C. 1 meter. D. They are suspended indefinitely.

They are suspended indefinitely.

36. The World Health Organization (WHO) is part of the A. Food and Drug Administration. B. Department of Health and Human Services. C. Department of Human Resources. D. United Nations. E. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

United Nations.

47. Transmission-Based Precautions A. is a course health workers must take. B. are guidelines from WHO for dealing with emerging diseases. C. are instructions on the care of all patients. D. are guidelines to use with patients infected with a highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogen

are guidelines to use with patients infected with a highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogen

11. Gonorrhea is a disease that may be A. zoonotic. B. pandemic. C. syndemic. D. asymptomatic.

asymptomatic.

48. Prevention of patient-to-personnel transmission of disease keys on limiting contact with A. patients. B. personnel. C. administrators. D. physicians. E. body fluids.

body fluids

39. A new serotype of Vibrio chlolerae V. cholerae 0139 has picked up the ability to produce A. pili. B. flagella. C. capsules. D. toxins

capsules

10. Apparently healthy people who may transmit a pathogen they harbor are called A. vectors. B. fomites. C. vehicles. D. carriers.

carriers.

31. If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises and falls rapidly this is called a(n) A. propagated epidemic. B. promulgated epidemic. C. common source epidemic. D. index epidemic.

common source epidemic.

3. Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed A. symptomatic. B. clinical. C. acute. D. latent. E. communicable.

communicable.

40. Schistosomiasis has increased in areas where A. snails have become a delicacy. B. crayfish are eaten. C. dams have been built. D. swamps have been drained.

dams have been built.

29. The type of epidemiological study that determines the characteristics of the persons involved and the time and place of the outbreak is called a(n) A. inspection study. B. descriptive study. C. cohortive study. D. retrospective study.

descriptive study

25. The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the A. exposure. B. number. C. dose. D. level.

dose

33. An experimental study in which neither the doctor nor the patient knows who is getting the actual treatment is called A. single-sided. B. double-sided. C. double-blind. D. double-barrier.

double-blind.

20. Important sources of contamination in crowded locations are A. blood. B. droplets of saliva or mucus. C. restrooms. D. kitchens.

droplets of saliva or mucus.

7. Diseases constantly present in a population are called A. epidemic. B. chronic. C. latent. D. endemic.

endemic.

12. A dramatic increase in the incidence of a specific disease in a given population is referred to as a(n) A. pandemic. B. endemic. C. epidemic. D. mortality.

epidemic

23. Which of the following is not a vector? A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human

fomite

24. Which of the following is not a mechanical vector? A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human

fomite

18. Inanimate objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are A. vectors. B. fomites. C. vehicles. D. reservoirs.

fomites

28. The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their A. general health. B. cultural practices. C. age. D. genetic background.

genetic background

49. Which of the following is recommended by the Standard Precautions guidelines? A. glove use B. hand washing C. a face shield D. antibiotic use E. glove use hand washing AND a face shield

glove use hand washing AND a face shield

17. The single most important measure to prevent the spread of disease is A. home cooking. B. canning. C. pasteurization. D. hand washing.

hand washing.

27. When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts the phenomenon is referred to as A. protected population. B. active immunity. C. passive immunity. D. herd immunity.

herd commnity

26. The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the A. prodromal phase. B. decline phase. C. incubation period. D. lag phase.

incubation period

30. The first identified case in an outbreak is called the A. starter case. B. traceable case. C. primary case. D. index case.

index case

45. The member of the hospital staff who surveys the types and numbers of nosocomial infections is called the A. head nurse. B. staff control. C. attending physician. D. infection control practitioner.

infection control practitioner.

50. The threat of bioterrorism A. is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases. B. is exaggerated in light of the efficiency of our healthcare system. C. may include rarely seen infectious agents. D. has prompted WHO to prepare a readiness plan. E. is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases AND may include rarely seen infectious agents

is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases AND may include rarely seen infectious agents

5. The number of cases of a specific disease per one hundred people exposed is called the A. morbidity rate. B. index rate. C. mortality rate. D. attack rate.

morbidity rate.

6. The fraction of a population who die from a specific disease is called A. mortality rate. B. morbidity rate. C. attack rate. D. incidence rate.

mortality rate

42. An infection acquired during hospitalization is referred to as A. antibiotic-induced. B. therapeutic. C. medication-stimulated. D. nosocomial.

nosocomial

9. A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n) A. endemic. B. pandemic. C. outbreak. D. attack break.

outbreak.

8. An epidemic that spreads worldwide is called a(n) A. epidemical. B. endemic. C. pandemic. D. syndemic.

pandemic

15. Which of the following is called a zoonotic disease? A. measles B. typhoid C. common cold D. plague

plague

37. WHO has targeted for elimination A. polio. B. dracunculiasis. C. measles. D. plague. E. polio dracunculiasis AND measles.

polio dracunculiasis AND measles.

16. Vertical transmission involves A. droplet transmission. B. fomites. C. pasteurization. D. pregnant woman to fetus.

pregnant woman to fetus.

32. If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises gradually this is called a(n) A. propagated epidemic. B. promulgated epidemic. C. common source epidemic. D. index epidemic.

propagated epidemic.

41. Approximately what percentage of hospitalized patients may develop a nosocomial infection? A. 0% B. 5% C. 20% D. 70%

5%