Chapter 2(1)

Which molecule is reduced in an oxidation-reduction reaction?

Oxidizing agent

Which term is used to describe a molecule that acts as an electron acceptor during an oxidation-reduction reaction?

Oxidizing agent

A ___ is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Proton

Which best describes an acid?

Proton donor

Which describes a covalent bond?

Sharing of electrons between two atoms

Saltwater is a solution made out of NaCl dissolved in water. In this case, water is the solvent and NaCl is the ___.

Solute

A ___ is a chemical mixture containing particles that are too large to pass through most selectively permeable membranes, but small enough to remain evenly dispersed through the solvent

colloid

In an oxidation-reduction reaction is defined as a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of ___ between molecules.

electrons

The number of molecules of a chemical that is equal to its molecular weight in grams, is a ___.

mole

Adding together the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its ___ weight.

molecular

A cation has a net ______ charge.

positive

A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly ___ hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly ___ oxygen or nitrogen atom of another

positive, negative

colloids are chemical mixtures that contain

suspended particles that scatter light, particles smaller than 100 nm

In a ___ reaction a molecule loses one or more electrons

Oxidation

Which term specifically applies to a reaction that involves the removal of electrons from a molecule?

Oxidation

The measure of chemical concentration, expressed as moles of solute per litter of solution, is known as ___.

Molarity

Which of the following would give you the morality of a solution?

Moles/liter

What is the term for an ion with a net negative charge(more electrons than proton)?

Anion

Which term refers to a negatively charged ion?

Anion

Which term means a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between molecules?

Oxidation-reduction reaction

T or F: a molecules may be composed of one element or more than one element

True

Which term refers to an attractive force caused by sharing or transfer of electrons?

Chemical bond

Covalent, ionic, hydrogen are examples of ___ bonds

chemical

Which are true regarding metabolism? 1. It includes reaction where new molecules are synthesized 2. it includes reaction where molecules are broken down 3. it consists entirely of endergonic reactions that require an input of energy 4. it can be defined as sum of all the chemical reaction in the body 5. it only takes place in muscle cells

1, 2, 4

Which are example of physiological work?(all) 1. Building molecules 2. Pumping blood 3. Adhesion of water 4. Breaking chemical bonds 5. Contracting skeletal muscles

1,2,4,5

A proton(H+) donor, or a chemical that releases protons into solution, is a ___.

Acid

HCl is a compound that release hydrogen ions when put into water. Therefore, it is a ___.

Acid

Which type of reaction is endergonic?

Anabolic

Which term refers to a chemical that binds protons in a solution and function as a proton acceptor?

Base

Which term refers to a chemical that binds protons in a solution and functions as a proton acceptor?

Base

Which term means the study of the molecules and chemical reactions that occur in living cells?

Biochemistry

The term anabolism specifically applies to metabolic reactions that ___.

Build large molecules from small molecules

Which type of reaction is always exergonic?

Catabolic

Which term applies to metabolic decomposition reaction that release energy?

Catabolism

What type of ion has lost an electron and, consequently, has a net positive charge?

Cation

Which term can apply to a molecule composed of two or more different elements?

Compound

Which type of bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms?

Covalent

Which term applies to an anabolic reactions?

Endergonic

Which term applies to anabolic reactions?

Endergonic

pH is a measurement of the concentration of what?

Hydrogen ions

Where is the neutron located?

In the nucleus of an atom

Which type of chemical bond involves the exchange of electrons?

Ionic

___ energy is energy that is actively doing work

Kinetic

Name the measure of concentration that takes into consideration the number of solute molecules

Molarity

The uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom is a ___.

Neutron

Isotopes differ from one another by containing different number of which subatomic particle?

Neutrons

Which is a definition of energy?

The capacity to do work

T or F: a chemical reaction is a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed.

True

The chlorine atom gains electrons to become a chloride ___.

anion

NaOH is a compound that releases hydroxide ions in water. Therefore, it is a ___.

base

In nature, sodium atoms lose electrons; therefore, they become ___.

cations

In a Solution, the solute can be a ___.

gas, solid, or liquid

In general, a process that involves the formation or breakdown of molecules is called chemical ___.

reaction