Chapter 2.1: Classical Atomic Theory

atoms cannot be created or destroyed

Joey has written out the following reaction: 2H2+O2→H2O. Which of Dalton's atomic theory postulates is violated in this incorrect formula?

law of multiple proportions

A 100 g sample comprised of molecule (A) is made up of 57.1 g of oxygen and 42.9 g of carbon. Another 100 g sample comprised of molecule (B) is made up of 72.7 g oxygen and 27.3 g carbon. The ratio of oxygen: carbon mass ratios between the two molecules is 2:1. Which law is demonstrated in this calculation?

Substances A and B are composed of different compounds, with B having twice the mass ratio of A

A 100 g sample of substance A is composed of of 57.1 g of oxygen and 42.9 g of carbon. Another 100 g sample of substance B is made up of 72.7 g oxygen and 27.3 g carbon. What can be determined about substances A and B?

law of definite proportions

A sample of an unknown substance contains 1.0 grams of copper and 0.558 grams of chlorine, while a different sample of that same substance contains 2.0 grams of copper and 1.116 grams of chlorine. Which law does this observation demonstrate?

law of multiple proportions

A sample of an unknown substance contains 24.0 grams of carbon and 2.0 grams of hydrogen. A sample of another unknown substance contains 24.0 grams of carbon and 6.0 grams of hydrogen. Which law does this observation demonstrate?

identical in mass extremely tiny different from atoms of any other element

According to Dalton's theory, atoms of a given element are:

8.0 g

If 3.0 grams of carbon react completely with 4.0 grams of oxygen, which other observed mass of oxygen reaction with a 3.0 gram sample of carbon under different reaction conditions would be best support the law of multiple proportions?

the law of definite proportions

According to the law of __________ , one mole of water will have the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen as four moles of water.

atoms ; ratios

Choose the answer below that best completes this sentence: According to Dalton, compounds consist of different types of __________ in specific whole number ___________.

rearrangement of atoms

Dalton's theory views a chemical change as a:

C8H18+8H2O

Given the following reaction: 8CO+17H2→ _________+_________ . Which of the following are products that do not violate any of Dalton's postulates?

Sn+2H2O

Given the following reaction: SnO2+2H2→ _________+ _________. Which of the following products do not violate any of Dalton's postulates?

11.4%

If 11.2 g of hydrogen reacts completely with 86.8 g of oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide, what is the percent by mass of hydrogen in hydrogen peroxide?

2 : 1

One 100 g sample comprised of molecule (A) is made up of 57.1 g of oxygen and 42.9 g of carbon. Another 100 g sample comprised of molecule (B) is made up of 72.7 g oxygen and 27.3 g carbon. What is the ratio of these oxygen:carbon mass ratios?

law of multiple proportions

That two elements can react to form more than one compound, but a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in small, whole number ratios is stated in the:

the law of multiple proportions

This law states that when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers.

joseph proust

What scientist is credited with conducting experiments that led to the law of definite proportions?

Law of Conservation of Mass

Which law is explained by Dalton's atomic theory?

atoms cannot be created or destroyed

Which of the following is true according to Dalton's atomic theory?

john dalton

Who proposed modern atomic theory in 1807?

democritus

Who was the first person to propose the existence of the atom?

john dalton

Who was the first person to show empirical evidence for the existence of atoms?

aristotle

Whose view that matter as infinitely divisible was considered correct for most of the last two millenia?