Chapter 21 Sociology

What are crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal?

Acting crowds

What are social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals?

Alternative movements

What is a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behaviour and collective action?

Assembling perspective

Who are people that share close proximity without really interacting?

Casual crowds

What is a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage?

Collective behaviour

What is a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity?

Mass

What is the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies?

Modernization

What is a call to action?

Motivational framing

What are nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes?

NGO

What is a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional movement theories?

New social movement theory

What are social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation?

Prognostic framing

What is an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas?

Public

What are movements who seek to change something specific about the social structure?

Reform movements

What are movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals?

Religious/ redemptive movements

What are movements that seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure?

Resistance movements

What is a theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals?

Resource mobilization theory

What are movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society?

Revolutionary movements

What is the change in a society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts of tech innovations?

Social change

What is functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behaviour to occur?

Value-added theory

Who are people that come together for a regularly scheduled event?

Conventional crowds

What is a fairly large number of people that share close proximity?

Crowd

What is the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people?

Crowd sourcing

What is a social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner?

Diagnostic framing

What is a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behaviour?

Emergent norm theory

What are crowds who share opportunities to express emotions?

Expressive crowds

What is a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time?

Flash mob

What is the act of using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement?

Frame alignment process

What is a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal?

Social movement

What is the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving towards similar goals?

Social movement industry

What is a single social movement group?

Social movement organization

What is the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals?

Social movement sector