chapter 22

As much as _______ % of the population carry Staphylococcus aureus in their nostrils. 50 20 30 60

20

Which of the following structures does not distribute air during respiration? Bronchi Trachea Larynx Alveolus

Alveolus

What is Otitis media usually treated with? Amoxicillin Neomycin Acyclovir Bacitracin

Amoxicillin

Which fungal respiratory disease is characterized by skin lesions that become crusty and discolored, and it is common in immunocompromised people? Mucormycosis Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis

What causes whooping cough? Klebsiella pneumonia Corynebacterium spp. Bordetella pertussis Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bordetella pertussis

The functions of the H (Hemagglutinin) spike proteins are the following. Mark all that apply. To look nice Can serve as point of recognition of the subtypes of the flu viruses To bind to any receptor on the host cell To bind to the sialic acid receptor on the host cells

Can serve as point of recognition of the subtypes of the flu viruses To bind to the sialic acid receptor on the host cells

These viruses are systemic and are transmitted through the respiratory system, but are causing skin rashes. Mark all that apply. Chickenpox Measles Viral pneumonia Rubella

Chickenpox Measles Rubella

This respiratory fungal disease is common in the southwestern United States and it is commonly mistaken for lung cancer. Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Mucormycosis Coccidiomycosis

Coccidiomycosis

COVID 19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are caused by_____________________. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Flu virus Coronavirus Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

The causative agent of diphtheria is ________________. Streptococcus Staphylococcus Corynebacterium Haemophilus

Corynebacterium

Which of the following causes a disease characterized by grayish pseudomembrane made of a mixture of dead host cells, pus, red blood cells, fibrin, and bacteria? Staphylococcus Streptococcus Haemophilus Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium

The patient has been admitted with fever, fatigue, and dry cough. The exam revealed that the patient has Type 1 diabetes and loves birds as he has 7 of them in his bedroom. You are pretty sure that your patient suffers from ________________. Pneumocystitis Blastomycosis Mucormycosis Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis

The endotoxins of ___________ can stimulate strong inflammatory response that damages respiratory cells. Gram-negative bacteria viruses Gram-positive bacteria mucosal pathogens

Gram-negative bacteria

Koplik's spot is typical for this viral disease. Viral pneumonia Measles Rubella Chickenpox

Measles

The upper respiratory system is protected by ________, while the lower respiratory system is protected by ___________. Surfactants; adenoids Thymus; mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Defensins; neutrophils Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); alveolar macrophages

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); alveolar macrophages

The reason why we need vaccination every year before the flu season is: the HA spikes the lack of antiviral drugs the lack of naturally acquired immunity antigenic drift antigenic shift

antigenic drift

Match the following diseases with the correct diagnostic techniques: Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis Blastomycosis Mucormycosis

chest X ray, direct antibody staining and Giemsa staining culture and serological test for antibody production sputum samples, urine antigen test, EIA microscopic examination of tissue biopsy

Match the virulence factor with its appropriate microbe. Group A streptococci Corynebacterium diphtheria Streptococcus pneumoniae Bordetella pertussis

erythrogenic toxin diphtheria toxin autolysins pertussis toxin

The first step for the opportunistic pathogens to become dangerous is to overcome the immune system. So once the ____________________ is impaired, thus limiting the body's ability to expel the invading microbes, the pathogens can multiply and spread, causing the disease. swallowing mucociliary escalator sneezing surfactants

mucociliary escalator

Match the viral infection with the appropriate vaccine: Common cold Pertussis Rubella Tuberculosis Diphtheria

none DTaP MMR BCG DTaP

It can be said that many organisms form the normal microbiota in the respiratory system are_______________________________. not beneficial for the humans related to the Pseudomonas opportunistic pathogens 100% beneficial for the humans

opportunistic pathogens

The function of the surfactant in the alveoli is to _________________________________. prevent the alveoli from collapsing transport carbon dioxide from the blood to air transport oxygen from the air to tissues trap foreign particles

prevent the alveoli from collapsing

Match the disease with the appropriate antimicrobial drug Chlamydial pneumonia Haemophilus pneumonia Klebsiella pneumonia Walking pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia

tetracycline cephalosporins susceptibility testing necessary macrolides Beta lactams

The function of the ciliary tract is to __________________. trap foreign particles and dislodge and prohibit the attachment of pathogens. prevent the alveoli from collapsing transport carbon dioxide from the blood to air transport oxygen from the air to tissues

trap foreign particles and dislodge and prohibit the attachment of pathogens.

Histoplasmosis is hard to diagnose due to these factors. Mark all that apply. The endemic areas the mild effect that most people have The common occurrence of this disease The dimorphic fungus that is causing it

The endemic areas the mild effect that most people have The dimorphic fungus that is causing it

You know that your patient is suffering from influenza, and does not have common cold when: They have headaches Their body temperature is high They feel fatigue They have aches and pains

Their body temperature is high

Ghon complexes are calcified, healed lesions, and one of the important diagnostic tools in recognizing this disease. Pneumonia Legionella Tuberculosis Whooping cough

Tuberculosis

What is the best cure for pertussis? Isoniazid Amoxicillin Penicillin Vaccine

Vaccine

What is the best prevention for measles and rubella? Having the diseases as a child Vaccine Having an antibiotic Avoiding people all together

Vaccine

Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by this virus. Coronavirus Rhinovirus Measles virus Varicella zoster virus

Varicella zoster virus

Which of the following diseases is characterized by catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages? Whooping cough Tuberculosis Legionella Diphtheria

Whooping cough

The most common cause of acute Otitis Media is ________. Staphylococcus Mycoplasma Pseudomonas Corynebacterium

Staphylococcus

Scarlet fever presents with a red rash and a strawberry tongue and it is caused by _________. Corynebacterium Streptococcus Haemophilus Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

A patient has pneumonia. Upon examination of the sputum, gram-positive, lancet-shaped cells have been noticed. You can safely conclude that the cause of this pneumonia most likely is due to ___________. Mycoplasma pneumonia Streptococcus pneumonia Clamydophila psittaci Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pneumonia

Strep throat is caused by what pathogen? Streptococcus thermophilus Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus pyogenes

Match the disease with its causative agent. Scarlet fever Whooping cough Diphtheria Pneumonia

Streptococcus pyogenes Bordetella pertussis Corynebacterium diphtheriae Haemophilus influenzae

The best treatment for the common cold is ____________. Supportive therapy Antiviral Vaccine Antibiotics

Supportive therapy

The most common opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in patients that suffer from cystic fibrosis is ___________________. Haemophilus influenza Streptococcus pneumonia Klebsiella pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Coxiella burnetii causes: Grayish membrane on the throat Q fever Z fever Tuberculosis

Q fever

Which of the following is the virus that is causing infections primarily in infants and can lead to serious complications? Respiratory syncytial virus Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome Middle East Respiratory Syndrome The influenza virus

Respiratory syncytial virus

Which of the following can cause a complication of influenza that occurs primarily in children and teenagers, and it is a reason why aspirin should never be used to treat viral illnesses in children younger than 19? Reeve syndrome Reye's syndrome Random syndrome Seasonal syndrome

Reye's syndrome

This viral disease is relatively mild but can cause a teratogenic effect on fetuses. Rubella Viral pneumonia Chickenpox Measles

Rubella

These are known to cause bacterial pneumonia. Mark all that apply. Mycoplasma Streptococcus Haemophilus Legionella

Mycoplasma Streptococcus Haemophilus

All these are parts of the upper respiratory system. Mark all that apply. Trachea Oropharynx Larynx Pharynx

Oropharynx Larynx Pharynx

These can shorten the course of the flu. Mark all that apply. deltamin Peramivir Oseltamivir Zanamivir

Peramivir Oseltamivir Zanamivir

Once thought to be caused by a protozoan, this fungal respiratory disease is a leading cause of pneumonia in people with AIDS. Pneumocystis Mucormycosis Coccidiomycosis Blastomycosis

Pneumocystis