chapter 22

The Panic of 1907 was caused by A. the collapse of the United States Steel Corporation. B. the economic policies of President Theodore Roosevelt. C. excessive government control of the industrial economy. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating A. child labor. B. industrial safety. C. tenant agriculture. D. the garment industry. E. information about contraceptives.

A. child labor.

The first director of the National Forest Service was A. Gifford Pinchot. B. William Howard Taft. C. John Muir. D. Richard Ballinger. E. Louis Glavis.

A. Gifford Pinchot.

After the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905, A. relations between Japan and the Roosevelt administration steadily improved. B. President Roosevelt took no direct action against Japan. C. the Japanese military presence in the Pacific declined. D. the Russian government collapsed. E. President Roosevelt negotiated a secret free trade agreement with Russia.

B. President Roosevelt took no direct action against Japan.

In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw A. President William H. Taft fire Ballinger due a conflict of interest. B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination. C. conservative Republicans turn against President Taft. D. progressives come to oppose Pinchot. E. former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.

B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.

The Sierra Club was founded by A. Gifford Pinchot. B. Theodore Roosevelt. C. John Muir. D. Richard Ballinger. E. Louis Glavis.

C. John Muir.

In order to secure control of the Panama Canal zone, the United States A. carried out the overthrow of the president of Panama. B. organized a trade embargo against Colombia. C. assisted a revolution in Panama. D. purchased the land for the canal from Colombia. E. surrounded the canal site with a "Great White Fleet."

C. assisted a revolution in Panama.

After the elections of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. held steady to his existing course of action. B. moved away from progressivism. C. began another round of progressive legislation. D. encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe. E. refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.

C. began another round of progressive legislation.

As part of his Asian diplomacy, President Theodore Roosevelt A. signed a secret agreement with Japan to ensure continued American trade in Asia. B. sent a fleet of battleships to Japan as a show of American military power. C. extracted from Russia a recognition of Japan's territorial gains in the Russo-Japanese War. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

In the early twentieth century, the United States' actions toward Mexico included A. encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government. B. a refusal to formally recognize the Huerta government. C. sending an American expeditionary force across the border into Mexico. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

2. When Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency in 1901, A. he was relatively unknown within the Republican Party. B. Republican leaders were confident they could control him. C. he became a champion of immediate, radical change. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

As president, William Howard Taft A. angered many conservatives with his activism. B. generally pleased progressives. C. managed to match Roosevelt's personal dynamism. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

In the 1912 presidential election results, A. President William H. Taft came in last of the four major candidates. B. Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college. C. Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt. D. Theodore Roosevelt finished third in the popular vote. E. Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

E. Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

The Federal Reserve Act A. created a new type of paper currency. B. helped to reduce loans to private banks. C. was designed to push troubled banks out of business. D. was regulated by a board whose members were elected by Congress. E. created sixteen regional banks.

A. created a new type of paper currency.

In the election of 1904, Theodore Roosevelt A. easily won his party nomination and the general election. B. endured a bitter fight to win his party's nomination. C. faced a progressive reformer as his Democratic challenger. D. narrowly defeated William Jennings Bryan. E. barely won the popular vote.

A. easily won his party nomination and the general election

In 1910, in Osawatomie, Kansas, Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for A. greater activism by the federal government. B. limiting the authority of President William H. Taft. C. an end to legal racial discrimination. D. equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs. E. a return to the laissez-faire of his two administrations

A. greater activism by the federal government.

"Dollar Diplomacy" is to be associated primarily with the administration of A. William McKinley. B. William Howard Taft. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. Woodrow Wilson. E. Warren Harding.

B. William Howard Taft.

As president, Woodrow Wilson A. more tightly consolidated executive power than had Theodore Roosevelt. B. preferred to delegate the details of policy-making to others. C. had no close advisors. D. looked to congressional Democrats to provide national leadership. E. exerted little control over his cabinet, who often disagreed with him.

A. more tightly consolidated executive power than had Theodore Roosevelt.

In his dealings with Pancho Villa, President Woodrow Wilson A. ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa. B. saw American troops capture Villa and bring him to the United States. C. eventually released Villa in order to smooth relations with the Carranza government. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

A. ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa.

In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress A. passed a graduated income tax. B. decided to inflate the currency. C. increased business regulatory fees. D. raised the tariff on agricultural goods. E. passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.

A. passed a graduated income tax.

Prior to the United States' construction of the Panama Canal, A. the French had failed to build a canal at the same site. B. the United States had failed to build a canal across Nicaragua. C. the British had failed to build a canal across Costa Rica. D. the Germans had failed to build a canal at the same site. E. no country had attempted to build a canal connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific.

A. the French had failed to build a canal at the same site.

In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him. B. narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan. C. was opposed by progressives and conservatives. D. had a public image very much like Theodore Roosevelt. E. decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.

A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.

As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt A. opposed hunting on all federal lands. B. added extensive areas of land to the national forest system. C. opposed new dam construction on major rivers. D. opposed the growing preservationist movement as impractical. E. All the answers are correct.

B. added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

In regards to his political ideology, Theodore Roosevelt was A. a strong isolationist. B. in many respects, decidedly conservative. C. a champion of a government-controlled economy. D. an opponent of environmental preservation. a fervent advocate for the rights of labor.

B. in many respects, decidedly conservative.

In his political program known as "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts A. needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government. B. should be destroyed. C. should exist only if they benefited the middle class. D. should have the right to expand. E. should exist only if they recognized labor's right to organize.

B. should be destroyed.

During President Woodrow Wilson's first term, Colonel Edward House A. was Secretary of State. B. was one of Wilson's closest advisors. C. became the locus of opposition to Wilson in the cabinet. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

B. was one of Wilson's closest advisors.

4. When he assumed the presidency in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt A. had no previous political experience. B. was the youngest American ever to hold that office. C. had little faith in the power of public opinion. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

B. was the youngest American ever to hold that office.

By the fall of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. decided to expand his progressive reform efforts. B. concluded he could not achieve meaningful reform of the economy. C. believed his reform program had largely been accomplished. D. had succeeded in breaking up most business trusts. E. had created the mechanisms for a vigorous legal pursuit of monopoly.

C. believed his reform program had largely been accomplished.

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president, A. he was a champion of labor unions. B. he made the breaking up of business combinations his highest priority. C. he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities. D. his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry. E. he deeply antagonized the conservative Old Guard wing of his party.

C. he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities.

In 1908, Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president because A. the Constitution prevented him from doing so. B. he had lost much of his public popularity. C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again. D. he was denied the nomination of his party. E. he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.

C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again.

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 A. fulfilled a campaign promise President William H. Taft had made to Theodore Roosevelt. B. sharply lowered tariffs. C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives. D. resulted in a sudden decline in the national economy. E. was passed only after Taft pressured the congressional Old Guard to support the bill.

C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives.

The Supreme Court, in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act, A. demonstrated its support for President Wilson's political agenda. B. validated an expansion of congressional authority. C. struck down reform legislation. D. displayed support for using federal authority to create social change. E. illustrated how quickly Justice Louis Brandeis had changed the Court.

C. struck down reform legislation.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution dealt with A. the electoral college. B. woman suffrage. C. the direct election of senators. D. personal income tax. E. the prohibition of alcohol.

C. the direct election of senators.

The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff A. represented a political setback for President Wilson. B. reduced foreign competition in the United States' domestic markets. C. was intended to weaken the power of business trusts. D. passed despite opposition from congressional Democrats. E. raised tariff rates to a new high.

C. was intended to weaken the power of business trusts.

President Theodore Roosevelt defined "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations on the basis of A. race. B. economic development. C. exports. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

The 1912 presidential election was an ideological contest between A. conservatives and reformers. B. different types of progressivism. C. the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism." D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

When it came to environmental issues, Theodore Roosevelt A. helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. B. was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation. C. restricted private development on millions of acres of undeveloped government land. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

D. All the answers are correct.

In 1913, a major reform of American banking was achieved with the passage of the A. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. B. Economy Act. C. Federal Securities Act. D. Federal Reserve Act. E. Currency Act.

D. Federal Reserve Act.

In the presidential campaign of 1912, A. President William H. Taft won all of the Republican presidential primaries. B. President William H. Taft won renomination after a bitter fight at the convention. C. Theodore Roosevelt eventually threw his support to Woodrow Wilson. D. Theodore Roosevelt ultimately ran on a third-party ticket. E. Theodore Roosevelt was the candidate of choice for Old Guard conservatives.

D. Theodore Roosevelt ultimately ran on a third-party ticket.

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the A. railroad industry. B. steel industry. C. housing industry. D. meatpacking industry. E. oil industry.

D. meatpacking industry.

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt A. sided with the miners. B. sided with the mine owners. C. ordered in federal troops to keep the peace. D. ordered federal arbitration. E. ordered in federal troops to break the strike.

D. ordered federal arbitration.

The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary" A. was invalidated by the Supreme Court during the Wilson administration. B. stated that neighboring countries had to adhere to U.S. policy in times of war. C. was created as a result of a military crisis in Cuba. D. stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries. E. stated that England and England alone was exempted from the Monroe Doctrine.

D. stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.

The diplomatic efforts by President Woodrow Wilson towards Latin America A. were decidedly non-expansionist. B. curtailed the use of the military as a tool of diplomacy. C. became known as the "good neighbor" policy. D. were similar to those of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. E. were the product of considerable interest and experience in international affairs.

D. were similar to those of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.

In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. supported the woman suffrage movement. B. opposed racial segregation in federal agencies. C. broke with southern Democrats in Congress. D. All the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.

E. None of the answers are correct.

Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE? A. Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park. B. The fight against the dam helped mobilize a new coalition of preservationists. C. In 1908, by a wide margin, San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy. D. John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy. E. Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

E. Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

The Federal Trade Commission Act A. defined the standard for "unfair trade practices." B. helped businesses increase their trade markets. C. failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior. D. encouraged industries to write basic "codes" governing prices, hours, and wages across the board. E. created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.

E. created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.

All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT A. the Meat Inspection Act. B. the Pure Food and Drug Act. C. the Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act. D. the National Reclamation Act. E. the Interstate Commerce Act.

E. the Interstate Commerce Act.

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran for president, in part, because A. the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane. B. he was concerned that Robert La Follette was likely to win if Roosevelt did oppose him. C. President William H. Taft announced he would not seek reelection. D. many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party. E. the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

E. the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

The policy idea behind "Dollar Diplomacy" was A. to create stable governments in less-developed nations. B. to reduce the deployment of troops from the United States to other nations. C. to encourage other nations to peg their currency to the U.S. dollar. D. to financially reward Latin nations that supported the interests of the United States. E. to extend investments by the United States in less-developed regions.

E. to extend investments by the United States in less-developed regions.

President Theodore Roosevelt's policies, in regard to Asia, were intended A. to favor Japan. B. to favor Russia. C. to favor China. D. to secure American dominance there. E. to prevent any single rival nation from being dominant.

E. to prevent any single rival nation from being dominant.