Chapter 22 Trauma Overview Quiz

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:

identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

quadruples.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

rapid transport to a trauma center

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

drag

resistance that slows a projectile, such as air

deceleration

slowing of an object

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

stomach rupture

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

motor vehicle crashes are classified traditionally as...

-frontal (head on), -lateral (T-bone), -rear-end, -rotational (spins) -rollovers

Maintain a high index of suspicion for serious injury in which

-the patient was has been involved in a motor vehicle collision or a motor vehicle collision with significant damage to the vehicle, has fallen from a significant height, or has sustained penetrating trauma to the body.

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?

a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′

A patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury (MOI) and is considered to be in serious or critical condition should receive...

a rapid full-body scan or rapid head-to-toe examination

trauma score

a score that relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of a severe head injury. Is calculates a number from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible score. it takes into account the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, respiratory rate, respiratory expansion, systolic blood pressure, and capillary refill

Revised Trauma Score (RTS)

a scoring system used for patients with head trauma

arterial air embolism

air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels

index of suspicion

awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury

traumatic injuries can be described as

blunt trauma or penetrating trauma

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

cavitation.

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

coughing up blood.

penetrating trauma

injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs

trajectory

path a projectile takes once it is propelled

tympanic membrane

the eardrum; a thin, semitransparent membrane in the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations to the internal ear by means of auditory ossicles

kinetic energy

the energy of a moving object

In every crash there are three collisions that occur:

1. the collision of the vehicle against an object 2. collision of the passenger against the interior of the vehicle 3. collision of he passenger's internal organs against the solid structures of the body

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

9

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Three concepts of energy are associated with injury

Potential energy, kinetic energy, and work

A patient who has sustained a nonsignificant mechanisms of injury (MOI) should receive...

an assessment focused on the chief complaint

blunt trauma

an impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

projectile

any object propelled by force, such as a bullet by a weapon

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

aortic rupture

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assess for an exit wound.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

coup-contrecoup brain injury

brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of original impact

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for:

bruising of the heart muscle.

Air bags are designed to:

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

deformed steering wheel

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.

door

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

during the tertiary phase.

trauma emergencies

emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to a patients body

medical emergencies

emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score

evaluation tool sed to determine level of consciousness, which evaluates and assigns point values (scores) for eye opening, verbal response, motor response, which are then totaled; effective in helping predict patient outcomes.

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:

falls and motor vehicle collisions.

According to the American College of Surgeons, an adult trauma patient meets Level I criteria if he or she:

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 8 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must:

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day.

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?

head injury

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

The energy of a moving object is called:

kinetic energy.

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

lateral collisions.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

neck and facial injuries

cavitation

phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

potential airway compromise.

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

people who are injured in explosions may have injuries that are classified as...

primary blast injuries, secondary blast injuries, tertiary blast injuries, and/or miscellaneous blast injuries

work

product of force times distance

potential energy

product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as from a fall

pulmonary blast injuries

pulmonary trauma resulting fron short-range exposure to the detonation of explosives

mechanism of injury (MOI)

the forces or energy transmission applied to the body that cause injury

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the:

thoracic and lumbar spine.

multisystem trauma

trauma that affects more than one body system

Force acting over a distance defines the concept of:

work