Chapter 23
the Iron Curtain
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described the democratic and communist division
April 30, 1945
Hitler commits suicide
NATO
A military alliance between democratic countries that bordered the North Atlantic and eventually others.
the Warsaw Pact
The U.S.S.R.responds to the creation of NATO by forming its own military security pact. included much of the Soviet Union's communist satellite nations in Eastern Europe.
the Yalta Conference
The allied powers at the end of World War II meet to discuss allied actions in conquered territories
the Korean War
The first major conflict following World War II.
Truman Doctrine
Truman warned Americans about the serious threat to national security posed by the U.S.S.R. and communism.
containment
U.S. policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism to nations around the world.
Pearl Harbor
a port in Hawaii that got attacked by the Japenese
5. In his "Long Telegram" from Moscow, George Kennan:
a. advised Truman that the Soviets could be dealt with as a normal government.
48. The Hollywood Ten:
b. refused to name names.
21. The Korean War:
d. ended in a stalemate.
Yalta Conference
when the big three planned on what to do with Germany after the war
"The Big Three"
Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
the Red Scare
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed he had a list 205 communists in the U.S. government as well as other communists in the public eye.
Marshell Plan
The U.S. would help to rebuild Europe after WWII if those nations would be democratic.
the Cold War
a bitter state of indirect conflict that existed between the Western Democracies and Eastern Communism. Especially between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. From the end of World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
43. Who did the States' Rights Party nominate for president in 1948?
a. Strom Thurmond
1. The Freedom Train was:
a. a traveling exhibition of over 100 historical documents.
37. The Taft-Hartley Act:
a. outlawed the closed shop.
9. The Marshall Plan:
b. was a United States-Soviet program to rebuild Europe.
45. The 1948 presidential race:
b. was the last presidential race to occur before television forever changed campaigning.
18. NSC-68:
c. called for a massive increase in U.S. military forces.
31. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
c. included freedom of speech and religion.
8. What set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world, no matter how undemocratic?
d. the Truman Doctrine
51. Joe McCarthy announced that he had a list of 205 communists who worked for the:
a. State Department.
13. How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin?
a. Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift.
44. In 1948, the Progressive Party:
a. advocated expanded social welfare programs.
53. Operation Wetback:
a. deported illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods.
25. The impact of the Cold War on American culture was:
a. especially evident in the movies.
22. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO):
a. replaced NATO in Europe.
6. The "Iron Curtain":
a. separated the free West from the communist East.
2. After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was:
a. the Soviet Union.
15. NATO:
a. was an alliance between the United States and several Western European countries.
20. Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE?
b. Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did.
35. All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT:
b. Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans.
23. Which long-held U.S. territory was granted independence in 1946?
b. Philippines
54. Organized labor emerged as:
b. a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War.
19. Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for?
b. a permanent military buildup and a global application of containment
33. When World War II ended:
b. demobilization proceeded quickly.
41. Which civil rights measure was passed into law during Truman's administration?
b. desegregation of the armed forces
26. "Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that:
b. encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies.
57. In "Who Is Loyal to America?" Henry Steele Commager:
b. favors the new meaning given to loyalty: conformity.
17. In 1949, Mao Zedong:
b. led a successful communist revolution in China.
42. The Dixiecrats:
b. opposed desegregation in the South.
36. Operation Dixie was:
b. the postwar union campaign in the South.
49. Who did Whittaker Chambers accuse of being a soviet spy during a HUAC hearing?
c. Alger Hiss
27. Who led the New York School of painters?
c. Jackson Pollack
38. Which piece of American legislation stated that union leaders had to swear an oath that they were not communists?
c. Taft-Hartley Act
4. According to the policy of containment, as laid out by George Kennan, the:
c. United States was committed to preventing the spread of communism.
39. Jackie Robinson:
c. broke the color barrier in major league baseball.
56. What do the authors of NSC-68 identify as the "most contagious idea in history"?
c. freedom
28. To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department:
c. funded an array of artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits.
24. The movements for colonial independence:
c. generally had U.S. support.
55. The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement:
c. included government action against black leaders.
50. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:
c. were executed after a questionable trial.
11. Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history:
c. women's suffrage.
47. What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings?
d. They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment.
30. In 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a committee to draft the:
d. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
34. President Truman's Fair Deal included:
d. a national health insurance plan.
52. The McCarran-Walter Act:
d. authorized the deportation of communists, even if they were naturalized citizens.
29. The McCarran Internal Security Act:
d. barred "totalitarians" from entering the United States.
32. The principle of human rights—the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they are human—was introduced into international relations:
d. in the late eighteenth century during the American and French Revolutions.
10. After World War II ended, Japan:
d. received economic assistance from the United States.
40. President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT:
d. reparations.
16. All of the following are enactments of the policy of containment EXCEPT:
d. the Korean War
3. The first confrontation of the Cold War took place in:
d. the Middle East, when Soviet troops occupied northern Iran seeking access to oil fields.
14. Which statement is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?
e. All the members pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.
46. All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT:
e. Cold War military spending weakened the economy.
7. The Truman Doctrine:
e. committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.
12. In 1948, the Soviets began the Berlin Blockade:
e. in response to the creation of West Germany.