Chapter 23: Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

______ is a simple tissue, and ______ is a complex tissue. a. Xylem; phloem b. Phloem; xylem c. Parenchyma; collenchyma d. Collenchyma; xylem e. Xylem; sclerenchyma

d. Collenchyma; xylem

______ tissue is composed of cells having unevenly thickened primary walls. a. Collenchyma b. Xylem c. Parenchyma d. Phloem e. Sclerenchyma

a. Collenchyma

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is FALSE? a. Stomata are epidermal cells. b. The epidermis constitutes the dermal system of leaves. c. Guard cells are epidermal cells. d. Trichomes are appendages of epidermal cells. e. In the aerial parts of the plant, the epidermis is covered with a cuticle.

a. Stomata are epidermal cells.

Which of the following statements about forisomes is FALSE? a. They seal the sieve-plate pores in undisturbed sieve tubes. b. Their activity is controlled by calcium. c. They are found in certain legumes. d. They are a type of P-protein body. e. They can switch back and forth from a resting stage to a dispersed stage

a. They seal the sieve-plate pores in undisturbed sieve tubes.

______ are types of tracheary elements. a. Vessel elements and tracheids b. Tracheids and xylem parenchyma c. Vessel elements and xylem parenchyma d. Xylem fibers and tracheids e. Xylem fibers and xylem parenchyma

a. Vessel elements and tracheids

Which of the following statements about P-protein is FALSE? a. It is found in the protoplasts of sieve-tube elements of eudicots and some monocots. b. In undisturbed cells, it plugs the sieve-plate pores. c. It may serve to seal the sieve-plate pores when the cell is wounded. d. It originates in P-protein bodies. e. The "P" stands for phloem.

b. In undisturbed cells, it plugs the sieve-plate pores.

Which of the following statements about sieve cells is FALSE? a. They transport food. b. They are interconnected to form sieve tubes. c. They are found in gymnosperms but not angiosperms. d. They are living cells at maturity. e. They have sieve areas.

b. They are interconnected to form sieve tubes.

The _____ is thought to supply the sieve-tube element with essential molecules. a. forisome b. companion cell c. P-protein body d. sclereid e. callose

b. companion cell

In a eudicot stem, ______ is the ground tissue external to the system of vascular strands and ______ is the ground tissue internal to these strands. a. pith; cortex b. cortex; pith c. xylem; phloem d. xylem; cortex e. pith; phloem

b. cortex; pith

During the differentiation of sieve-tube elements, which of the following does not disintegrate? a. cytoskeleon b. endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi apparatus d. tonoplast e. nucleus

b. endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE? a. They are perpetually young tissues or cells. b. They are established during embryogenesis. c. It is through their activity that most plant development occurs. d. They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete. e. They generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

d. They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete.

Callose is a ______ deposited in the ______ of sieve elements. a. protein; pits b. protein; pores c. carbohydrate; pits d. carbohydrate; pores e. fat; perforation plates

d. carbohydrate; pores

Which of the following is NOT part of the periderm? a. phellem b. phellogen c. phelloderm d. epidermis e. cork cambium

d. epidermis

An example of a simple tissue is xylem.

False

Developmental plasticity refers to the sum total of events that progressively form a plant's body.

False

In the stem of a eudicot, cortex is the tissue internal to the vascular strands.

False

Parenchyma cells are usually dead at maturity.

False

Primary growth refers to growth of the embryo; secondary growth refers to growth of the seedling.

False

Sclereids are sclerenchyma cells that are generally long and slender.

False

Sieve-tube elements lack sieve plates.

False

The epidermis replaces the periderm in stems and roots undergoing secondary growth.

False

The fate of a plant cell is determined solely by the genes in its chromosomes.

False

The increase in the size of most plants results more from cell division than from cell enlargement.

False

The phellem produces both cork and phelloderm.

False

Tracheids are tracheary elements found in angiosperms but not gymnosperms.

False

Which of the following is NOT a function of trichomes? a. providing structural support b. defending against insects c. secreting salts d. absorbing water and minerals from the soil e. reflecting solar radiation

a. providing structural support

The two types of ______ cells are fibers and sclereids. a. sclerenchyma b. parenchyma c. xylem d. phloem e. collenchyma

a. sclerenchyma

The three tissue systems of vascular plants are: a. the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems. b. protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem. c. parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. d. epidermis, periderm, and protoderm. e. xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

a. the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.

The role of transfer cells is to: a. transport water and minerals throughout the plant. b. facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances. c. move sugars through the phloem. d. transfer solutes from the cortex to the pith via rays. e. increase the rate of water movement through stomata.

b. facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances.

By definition, metaxylem is ______ protoxylem. a. formed before b. formed after c. formed at the same time as d. larger than e. smaller than

b. formed after

Morphogenesis refers to: a. an irreversible increase in size. b. the acquisition of a particular shape. c. the sum of all the events that lead to formation of an organism's body. d. the process by which cells become different from one another. e. the fate of a plant cell.

b. the acquisition of a particular shape.

Perforation plates are characteristic of the ______ of ______. a. tracheids; angiosperms b. vessel elements; angiosperms c. tracheids; gymnosperms d. vessel elements; gymnosperms e. tracheids; seedless vascular plants

b. vessel elements; angiosperms

Which of the following statements about primary growth is FALSE? a. It results in extension of the plant body. b. It involves the formation of primary tissues. c. It results in the thickening of the stem and root. d. It gives rise to the primary plant body. e It results from activity of the root and shoot apical meristems.

c. It results in the thickening of the stem and root.

Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is FALSE? a. They are ground-tissue cells. b. They often lack protoplasts at maturity. c. They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating. d. They have thick, lignified, secondary walls. e. They may develop in any part of the primary and secondary plant bodies.

c. They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating.

The developmental fate of a plant cell is determined mostly by: a. its growth rate. b. its developmental plasticity. c. its final position. d. whether it is an initial or a derivative. e. whether it is determinate or indeterminate.

c. its final position.

The rays found in secondary vascular tissue consist of: a. collenchyma cells. b. vessel elements. c. parenchyma cells. d. sieve-tube elements. e. sclerenchyma cells.

c. parenchyma cells.

Stomata are the ______ between ______. a. cells; subsidiary cells b. cells; guard cells c. pores; guard cells d. pores; subsidiary cells e. pores; trichomes

c. pores; guard cells

The parenchyma cells that are developmentally related to the ______ of angiosperms are called ______. a. sieve cells; companion cells b. sieve cells; albuminous cells c. sieve-tube elements; companion cells d. sieve-tube elements; albuminous cells e. sieve tubes; P-protein bodies

c. sieve-tube elements; companion cells

When a botanist uses the word "indeterminate," she is referring to the: a. ability of seeds to germinate under any conditions. b. secondary growth of the plant body. c. unlimited growth of the apical meristems. d. developmental plasticity of the plant. e ability of plants to modify their relationships with the environment.

c. unlimited growth of the apical meristems.

____________ refers to the phenomenon whereby a cell becomes increasingly committed to a course of development that weakens its ability to resume growth. a. Positional information b. Competency c. Indeterminate growth d. Determination e. Differentiation

d. Determination

From which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop? a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. procambium d. ground meristem e. protoderm

d. ground meristem

A subsidiary cell is most closely associated with which of the following? a. tracheids b. companion cells c. sieve-tube elements d. guard cells e. albuminous cells

d. guard cells

Cells that are totipotent, play an important role in wound healing, and initiate adventitious structures are: a. sclerenchyma cells. b. vessel elements. c. sieve-tube elements. d. parenchyma cells. e. collenchyma cells.

d. parenchyma cells.

In vascular plants, food is conducted through: a. companion cells only. b. sieve cells only. c. sieve-tube elements only. d. sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only. e. companion cells, sieve cells, and sieve-tube elements.

d. sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.

______ is the typical supporting tissue of growing stems, leaves, and floral parts. a. Sclerenchyma b. Parenchyma c. Xylem d. Phloem e. Collenchyma

e. Collenchyma

Which of the following statements about parenchyma cells is FALSE? a. They can photosynthesize. b. They can initiate adventitious roots. c. They are involved in secretion. d. They are capable of cell division. e. They lack secondary walls.

e. They lack secondary walls.

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of: a. morphogenesis. b. embryogenesis. c. differentiation. d. cell division. e. cell enlargement.

e. cell enlargement.

Albuminous cells are thought to have the same function as: a. vessel elements. b. tracheids. c. sieve cells. d. sieve-tube elements. e. companion cells.

e. companion cells.

The cork cambium produces ______ on its outer surface and ______ on its inner surface. a. phelloderm; phellogen b. phellogen; phelloderm c. phellogen; phellem d. phelloderm; cork e. cork; phelloderm

e. cork; phelloderm

In contrast to derivatives, initials: a. differentiate more quickly. b. are located in the shoot apical meristem. c. are located in the root apical meristem. d. undergo cell division. e. give rise to more initials and derivatives.

e. give rise to more initials and derivatives.

A cell that is alive at maturity but lacks a nucleus and certain organelles is the: a. companion cell. b. forisome. c. albuminous cell. d. Strasburger cell. e. sieve element.

e. sieve element.

An example of programmed cell death is the differentiation of: a. parenchyma cells. b. collenchyma cells. c. cells of the cortex. d. the secondary cell wall. e. tracheary elements

e. tracheary elements

One role of pit membranes in tracheids is to: a. facilitate movement of air bubbles. b. facilitate water movement. c. facilitate solute transport. d. provide support. e. trap air bubbles.

e. trap air bubbles.