Chapter 2,3 Praxis Exam 2

In order to begin producing two-word combinations, how many words does a toddler need to have in his expressive vocabulary?

A. 50

A natural frequency is a frequency: A. with which a source of sound vibrates naturally B. that is unrelated to the mass and stiffness of the vibrating body. C. That is the center frequency of a formant D. that refers to the simple harmonic motion E. that is the lowest frequency of periodic wave

A. with which a source of sound vibrates naturally

An opera singer complains that she is unable to maintain adequate breath support to produce her optimal voice. You want to measure the singer's lung volume to check for adequate breath support for optimal voice. You will need to measure ___________, which is the volume of air that the singer can exhale after a maximal inhalation. A. tidal volume B. vital capacity C. total lung capacity D. residual air

B. vital capacity

Select the correct statement. A. Ideally, concurrent validity should be very high. B. Validity is consistency of measures across repeated measurements. C. Construct validity is based on consistency of scores with a theoretical expectation. D. Construct validity is based on an expert examination of the test items.

C. Construct validity is based on consistency of scores with a theoretical expectation.

A graduate school that bases its admission decisions on a student's GRE scores believes that A. GRE scores have face validity. B. GRE scores have content validity. C. GRE scores have predictive validity. D. GRE scores have test-retest reliability.

C. GRE scores have predictive validity.

You just completed an assessment of an 8-year-old boy who stutters. When you are offering post-assessment counseling to the boy's parents, they ask you, "What do you think caused stuttering in our son?" How would you answer their question? Select the best among the alternatives given. A. "Although we have many theories, we don't know the cause of stuttering, because no theory has been substantiated." B. "Stuttering is a genetically inherited disorder in almost all cases because more males than females stutter; there is a certain concordance rate for identical twins." C. "We can't say for sure in individual cases, but both complex genetic susceptibility and environmental factors may be involved in its causation." D. "Research suggests that stuttering is caused by parental pressure on the child to be more fluent; it is usually associated with high demands for fluency."

C. "We can't say for sure in individual cases, but both complex genetic susceptibility and environmental factors may be involved in its causation."

Which of the following is a homophonous pair? A. bar-mar B. let-wet C. most-host D. she-be

A. bar-mar

The typical speaker of standard american english would produce the word emancipation as?

/imænsəpeɪʃən/

If a speaker said, "I just love 'em and leave 'em," the phrase "leave 'em" could be transcribed as:

/liv mˌ/

A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilateral glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the?

/w/

A researcher who developed a language acquisition test claims that her test measures what it is supposed to measure because the scores are progressively higher across age groups. She is claiming that her test has what kind of validity? A. Content validity B. Concurrent validity C. Construct validity D. Criterion validity

A. Content validity

With different types of dysarthria, a differential diagnosis may be challenging. The clinician needs to know the unique features of each type. Obviously, each type may be contrasted on more than one feature, but which of the following statements correctly contrasts two types to help make a differential diagnosis? A. Excessive and even stress helps distinguish ataxic dysarthria from hyperkinetic dysarthria, with its equal stress. B. Imprecise production of consonants helps distinguish hyperkinetic dysarthria from hypokinetic dysarthria, which is characterized by distorted vowels. C. Impression of drunken speech found in mixed dysarthria helps distinguish it from ataxic dysarthria, in which that characteristic is absent. D. Excess loudness variations of flaccid dysarthria distinguish it from monoloudness of hyperkinetic dysarthria.

A. Excessive and even stress helps distinguish ataxic dysarthria from hyperkinetic dysarthria, with its equal stress.

A child says "red crayon." This is an example of which type of semantic relations? A. attribute + entity B. Action +locative C. Agent + action D. Attribute + locative E. Possession + attribute

A. attribute + entity

What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing? A. Tensor palatini B. Levator palatini C. Tensor tympani D. Levator veli palatin

A. Tensor palatini

What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies? A. The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature. B. The investigator observes differences within subject groups of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur between subjects as they mature. C. The same subjects are studied over time; this is expensive, time consuming, and difficult because subjects might drop out of the study. D. The total age span of children to be studied is divided into several overlapping age spans, and it is difficult to follow subjects from the lower to the upper end of each age span.

A. The investigator observes differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.

To diagnose stuttering, the clinician needs a definition of it. Although there are different definitions of stuttering, a majority of them include forms of disfluencies. Which of the following is a definition of stuttering that includes disfluencies? A. The one offered by Van Riper B. The one offered by Johnson C. The one offered by psychoanalysts D. The one offered by Sheehan

A. The one offered by Van Riper

Broad phonemic transcription involves which of the following? A. The use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/) B. The use of diacritical markers to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/) C. The transcription of allophones by placing them within brackets (e.g., [f]) D. The transcription of allophones by the use of diacritical markers E. The use of orthographic symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /r/)

A. The use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/)

To assess a child's pragmatic skills, a clinician may observe which of the following behaviors, among others? A. Turn taking and discourse skills B. Production of past-tense inflections C. Production of is + verb -ing structures D. Production of prepositions

A. Turn taking and discourse skills

As a clinician working in a hospital with patients who have neurological problems, you decide to purchase functional communication tests. These tests seek to assess A. communication in natural or everyday situations. B. grammatically and syntactically correct communication. C. only oral communication. D. only nonverbal communication.

A. communication in natural or everyday situations.

When two or more sounds of differing frequencies are combined, the result is a A. complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone may be said to be periodic or aperiodic B. Complex tone; the vibrations are always periodic, where waves repeat themselves at regular intervals C. pure tone, where vibrations are usually periodic D. pure tone, where the vibrations are always aperiodic E. complex tone; the vibrations are usually aperiodic where the vibratory pattern are random and next pattern cannot be predicted from the pervious pattern.

A. complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone may be said to be periodic or aperiodic

Stuttering in preschool children tends to occur somewhat more frequently on A. function words than on content words. B. content words than on function words. C. words that begin with /s/ and /k/ than on words that begin with other sounds. D. second or third syllables in multisyllable words.

A. function words than on content words.

You are working in a hospital when you are informed that a patient with Broca's aphasia has just been transferred to your caseload from another city. You can expect that this patient will show A. nonfluent, effortful, agrammatic, and slow speech. B. fluent, grammatically correct speech with plenty of jargon. C. typically significant impairment in auditory comprehension. D. intact confrontational naming.

A. nonfluent, effortful, agrammatic, and slow speech.

The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object is referred to as A. oscillation B. amplitude C. Velocity D. displacement E. rarefaction

A. oscillation

A clinician is evaluating a 12-year old boy, Justin, who was in a car accident and sustained a traumatic brain injury. He is now having difficulty communicating and has complex communication needs. The clinician is attempting to determine which type of alternative/augmentative communication (AAC) technology to use with him. In evaluating Justin's willingness to use this technology, she must consider response efficiency, which involves: A. quality, rate, and immediacy of reinforcement as well as response effort B. the speed at which Justin can press keys on the AAC device C. whether or not a device's symbols are transparent D. whether or not a device's symbols are opaque

A. quality, rate, and immediacy of reinforcement as well as response effort

A patient complains that her voice is soft, hoarse, low pitched, and breathy. After conducting an endoscopic evaluation, the laryngologist concludes that the patient has benign growths of thick, whitish patches on the surface membrane of the mucosa. The laryngologist asks his resident to diagnose the problem. The resident identifies the problem as A. hyperkeratosis. B. leukoplakia. C. hemangioma. D. a granuloma

B. leukoplakia.

You are administering a formal language test to a student who speaks AAE. Which one of the following tasks is not biased against him? A. "Tell me if this sentence is correct or incorrect: 'Them kids is havin' fun.'" B. "Tell me what you like to watch on TV." C. "Fill in the missing word: 'Today I walk to school; yesterday I ______ to school.'" D. "Repeat this sentence exactly as I say it: 'They had been careful with their books.'"

B. "Tell me what you like to watch on TV."

Select the correct statement. A. Probes and baselines are the same. B. Baselines are pretreatment measures, and probes measure generalized productions. C. Probes are conducted only in naturalistic settings (e.g., homes). D. Baselines are measures of generalized productions.

B. Baselines are pretreatment measures, and probes measure generalized productions.

Vladimir is a 7-year-old Ukrainian boy enrolled in an all-English-speaking second-grade classroom. He came to an all-English-speaking kindergarten speaking only Ukrainian; kindergarten was his first exposure to English on a regular basis. The second grade teacher referred him for a speech-language evaluation, because she said that although he has made friends and interacts well socially with the other children, he is "behind" them in written language skills (e.g., spelling, reading). Based on Vladimir's background, you can say that A. He should be referred for psychological testing due to a possible intellectual disability B. Formal academic language fluency takes longer to develop than conversational informal language fluency, therefore the school should monitor Vladimir's academic progress but not test him yet for speech-language services C. The special education team (psychologist, resource specialist, speech-language pathologist) should evaluate Vladimir for the possible presence of a learning disability D. Vladimir's family should be told to speak only English at home, and he should have intensive English tutoring and be discouraged from speaking Ukrainian

B. Formal academic language fluency takes longer to develop than conversational informal language fluency, therefore the school should monitor Vladimir's academic progress but not test him yet for speech-language services

James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient's non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics? A. Hyponasality B. Hypernasality C. Assimilative nasality D. Cul-de-sac resonance

B. Hypernasality

Which of the following primarily vibrate and produce sound? A. External thyroarytenoids B. Internal thyroarytenoids C. Transverse arytenoids D. Cricothyroid

B. Internal thyroarytenoids

Select the statement that is true of the screening procedure. A. It results in a diagnosis. B. It helps determine whether a client needs a more complete assessment. C. It leads to an immediate treatment program. D. It is typically not performed in the schools.

B. It helps determine whether a client needs a more complete assessment.

Select the false statement about AAE. A. It is influenced by languages of West Africa. B. It is a substandard form of Standard American English. C. If children speak AAE, they can become bidialectal through learning to use both AAE and Standard American English. D. If children speak AAE, it is best to assess their language skills using alternative forms of assessment such as language sampling.

B. It is a substandard form of Standard American English.

A friend asks you about her baby Sasha, who is being exposed to Croatian and English in the home. Your friend explains that Sasha has heard both Croatian and English from early infancy. Sasha is experiencing the phenomenon of: A. Sequential bilingual acquisition B. Simultaneous bilingual acquisition C. Limited bilingualism D. Dual language immersion

B. Simultaneous bilingual acquisition

Some researchers have claimed that stuttering may be an operant behavior, which is behavior that is A. controlled by internal emotions. B. changed by its consequences. C. unaffected by environmental stimuli. D. essentially reflexive.

B. changed by its consequences.

Halliday described seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age. Which of the following is an example of the heuristic function? A. Let's pretend B. Why dog bark C. Do as I tell you to do

B. Why dog bark

A test developer has simultaneously written two versions of a test of articulation skills (Form A and Form B) and administered both versions to selected children. The developer did this to establish A. split-half reliability. B. alternate-form reliability. C. interobserver reliability. D. intraobserver reliability.

B. alternate-form reliability.

You are taking a language sample from an 8-year-old child. One of his utterances is "I will go to school tomorrow if I am not sick." This is an example of a A. compound sentence with an independent and a dependent clause. B. complex sentence with an independent and a dependent clause. C. complex sentence with two independent clauses. D. complex sentence with two dependent clauses.

B. complex sentence with an independent and a dependent clause.

Two or more sounds of different frequencies are called A. pure tones. B. complex tones. C. multiple tones. D. harmonic tones

B. complex tones.

You observe the following substitution errors in the speech of a 6-year-old client: w/l (e.g., waemp/laemp), j/l (e.g., jait/lait), and w/r (e.g., wabbit/rabbit). You explain to the child's mother that these are examples of A. vocalization. B. gliding. C. velar fronting. D. stopping.

B. gliding.

While conducting an evaluation of an infant in a neonatal ICU, a student intern informed her supervisor that she noticed that while stimulating the gums of the infant, it elicited a rhythmical opening and closing of the jaw. She also noticed that the infant gently nibbled on her finger. The supervisor informed the student that normally developing infants go through this stage, called A. tonic bite reflex. B. phasic bite reflex. C. jaw retraction. D. jaw clenching.

B. phasic bite reflex.

A 75-year-old man visits your office and complains that he constantly turns the volume of his television set up high and is unable to listen to programs at a lower volume. After conducting hearing tests, you explain to him that his hearing loss is due to aging. This condition is referred to as A. tinnitus. B. presbycusis. C. Meniere's disease. D. vertigo.

B. presbycusis.

To obtain a reliable measure of a child's language skills through language sampling, you should A. not get the family members involved because they may introduce bias. B. repeat the language sample. C. not sample language just before the treatment is started. D. only use computer software to analyze the results.

B. repeat the language sample.

Various arteries help supply blood to the face and the brain. Neurogenic communication disorders are associated with interrupted blood supply to the brain. Of the following statements about the arteries that supply blood to the brain, which one is correct? A. The internal carotid artery supplies the muscles of the face. B. Damage to the external carotid artery causes aphasia. C. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are supplied by the middle cerebral artery. D. If an artery below the circle of Willis is blocked, brain damage is maximal.

C. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are supplied by the middle cerebral artery.

Nicole, a voice major, is having problems raising the pitch of her voice. Her speech-language pathologist recommends that she lengthen and tense her vocal folds to increase her pitch. Which muscle is involved in achieving this goal? A.Transverse arytenoids B. Oblique arytenoids C. Cricothyroid D. Thyroarytenoid

C. Cricothyroid

In a therapy session with a clinician and 3-year old child with a language impairment, the child says "more juice." The clinician replies with "You want more of that tasty grape juice poured in your cup." The clinician has just used the technique of: A. Mand model B. Focused stimulation C. Extension D. Parallel talk

C. Extension

A 3-year-old boy with autism comes to you for intervention. His parents would like for him to interact more successfully with his siblings and peers. He needs work in many areas, but the ability to establish joint reference is critical for him now. Which of these activities would you begin with? A. Labeling objects with one-word descriptors B. Using is + verb -ing in sentences C. Paying attention to the same object or activity as you when directed to do so D. Working on narrative skills

C. Paying attention to the same object or activity as you when directed to do so

Select the statement that is not true. A.Dysarthria and Broca's aphasia may coexist. B. Excessive or even stress on syllables is not a part of ataxic dysarthria. C. Roughly 94% of Parkinson's patients have hypokinetic dysarthria. D. Spastic-ataxic and flaccid-spastic are frequently mixed in the mixed variety of dysarthria.

C. Roughly 94% of Parkinson's patients have hypokinetic dysarthria.

Which one of the following Piagetian stages, which include object permanence, corresponds with the emergence of a typically developing child's first word? A. preoperational B. Formal operations C. Sensorimotor D. Concrete operations E. Sensorimotor concreteness

C. Sensorimotor

A mother comes to you, concerned because her son Jake was born prematurely and had to spend the first few months of his life in neonatal ICU. Now Jake is 9 months old, and his mother wants to make sure his language development is "on target for his age." You go to Jake's home to observe him, and you also ask the mother to give you a detailed description of his communication patterns. As you evaluate Jake's language development, you need to remember that one of the following does NOT occur between 8 and 10 months of age in the typically developing child. A. Comprehension of NO B. Using variegated babbling (e.g. :madamada) C. Using the phrase "all gone" to express emerging negation D. Uncovering a hidden toy (beginning of object permanence) E. Use of gestural language, such as shaking head no, playing peek-a-boo

C. Using the phrase "all gone" to express emerging negation

In the phrase great zoo, the /z/ in zoo is devoiced because of the voiceless /t/ in the preceding word. This is an example of A. adaptation. B. gestation. C. assimilation. D. accommodation.

C. assimilation.

A child is brought to you with the following symptoms: disturbed balance, awkward gait, and uncoordinated movements, as well as some dysarthria. You suspect A. spastic cerebral palsy. B. traumatic brain injury due to a gunshot wound. C. ataxic cerebral palsy. D. athetoid cerebral palsy.

C. ataxic cerebral palsy.

A 5-year-old child is brought to you for an evaluation. According to her mother, Shannon has a history of middle-ear infections. Shannon's mother reports that Shannon is difficult to understand. For example, according to her mother, Shannon makes k/t and g/d substitutions, saying things like koυ/toυ. This child is manifesting the phonological process of A. cluster reduction. B. stridency deletion. C. backing. D. glottal replacement.

C. backing.

When a person is producing a voiced and voiceless /th/, the muscle that is most involved is the A. palatopharyngeus. B. sternocleidomastoid. C. genioglossus. D. styloglossus.

C. genioglossus.

The lowest intensity of a sound that will stimulate the auditory system is called A. sound pressure level. B. decibel. C. hearing level. D. pitch.

C. hearing level.

Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as A. sensorineural hearing loss. B. middle ear hearing loss. C. mixed hearing loss. D. conductive hearing loss.

C. mixed hearing loss.

An 86-year-old patient has been diagnosed with a delayed swallowing reflex post CVA. The modified barium swallow study indicates that there is pooling in the vallecula until the swallowing reflex has been triggered. The clinician decides to give the patient a mechanical soft bolus and ask her to swallow while putting her head down (chin tuck). This technique will result in A. increasing the change of aspiration. B. narrowing or closure of the vallecula space. C. narrowing of the airway entrance, as well as pushing the epiglottis posteriorly. D. pushing the tongue base forward.

C. narrowing of the airway entrance, as well as pushing the epiglottis posteriorly.

A spongy growth that starts on the footplate of the stapes and causes it to become rigid is known as A. otospongiosis. B. ossicular discontinuity. C. otosclerosis. D. chronic otitis media.

C. otosclerosis.

You are treating a patient who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. You decide to use an emotion-oriented therapy by playing audio recordings of relatives of the patient. You believe that this approach will decrease the agitation and improve the well-being of the patient. This type of approach is called A. reality orientation (RO). B. fast mapping therapy (FMT). C. simulated presence therapy (SPT). D. cognitive stimulation therapy (CST).

C. simulated presence therapy (SPT).

Linguavelars are produced by A. raising the tip of the tongue to make contact with the alveolar ridge. B. the tongue coming in contact with the hard palate. C. the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum. D. the tongue making contact with the upper teeth.

C. the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum.

Popular forms of hearing amplification today include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Which one of the following is not true about these devices? A. Cochlear implants may be used with children and also some adults who have sensorineural hearing loss. B. Cochlear implants can help prelingual children to make substantial progress through maximizing their potential. C. A consideration in fitting clients with hearing aids is whether they are motivated to use and properly care for the aids. D. Cochlear implants deliver amplified sound to the ear canal, whereas hearing aids deliver electrical impulses (converted from sound) directly to the auditory system

D. Cochlear implants deliver amplified sound to the ear canal, whereas hearing aids deliver electrical impulses (converted from sound) directly to the auditory system

Jaden, an 11-year-old boy, is receiving speech therapy for remediation of /r/. His clinician is using the therapy technique of phonetic placement, which is used to teach or establish A. minimal pair contrasts. B. maximal pair contrasts. C. auditory discrimination. D. production of a phoneme in isolation.

D. production of a phoneme in isolation.

Standardized tests are limited in their usefulness because A. they do not allow for comparative evaluation of performance. B. they draw nationally representative samples that may not represent local samples. C. they are not always accepted as a basis to determine service eligibility in schools. D. they sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner.

D. they sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner

Approximately when is the past tense regular -ed mastered by typically developing children? A. 19-28 months B. 24-33 months C. 18-32 months D. 26-48 months

D. 26-48 months

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your private practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have? A. A class I malocclusion accompanied by underjet B. A class II malocclusion accompanied by underjet C. A class III malocclusion accompanied by overjet D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

Speech sounds are classified in various ways. Select the statement that is correct according to the classification mentioned in each answer. A. Voicing makes a distinction between vowels and consonants. B. The cognate pairs distinction is based on the place of articulation. C. Among others, speech sounds bilabials and labiodentals are based on the manner of articulation. D. Among others, speech sounds affricates, stops, and liquids are based on the manner of articulation.

D. Among others, speech sounds affricates, stops, and liquids are based on the manner of articulation.

According to Halliday, what are four of the seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age? A. Imaginative, interactional, attribution, overextension B. Interactional, conversational, collaborative, attribution C. Collaborative, imaginative, attribution, conversational D. Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal

D. Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal

Which one of the following statements is false? A. Non-iconic symbols are geometric, abstract, and arbitrary and must be specifically taught. B. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is effective. C. A hieroglyphic picture of a house is an iconic symbol indicating the word house. D. In direct selection, the user is offered available messages by a mechanical device or communication partner; the messages are offered sequentially until the AAC user indicates the messages he or she wants to communicate

D. In direct selection, the user is offered available messages by a mechanical device or communication partner; the messages are offered sequentially until the AAC user indicates the messages he or she wants to communicate

You have been asked to counsel with John, a 70-year-old man who has smoked and drank alcohol since he was a teenager. He now has laryngeal cancer, and, before surgery, the surgeon asks you to talk with John about esophageal speech. You explain to John that there are two basic types of esophageal speech. In one method, the patient is taught to keep the esophagus open and relaxed while inhaling rapidly. In the other method, the patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle. What is the second method called? A. Inhalation method B. Laryngeal airway resistance method C. Inhalatory injection method D. Injection method

D. Injection method

Which of the following statements is false regarding a null hypothesis? A. It states that there is no cause-effect relationship between two specified variables. B. It means a zero hypothesis. C. It is the one that researchers try to reject. D. It states that two variables are causally related.

D. It states that two variables are causally related.

A teacher has referred a fifth-grade boy to you for a speech-language assessment. She is concerned because she feels that he is academically "behind his peers." He and his family are Vietnamese refugees, and they have been in the United States for 5 months. Because the boy has been in refugee camps most of his life, his schooling in Vietnam was limited. His parents tell you that they estimate that he has had approximately 2 years of schooling in Vietnam. The teacher is concerned that the boy may have an underlying language-learning disability, and she wonders if he is eligible for speech-language services. What is the best combination of assessment techniques to use with him? A. Formal, standardized tests in English combined with observations of the boy's interactions, in Vietnamese, with peers and family members B. School records of the boy's achievement and performance so far in the English-speaking classroom plus the Language Processing Test translated into Vietnamese by an interpreter C. A district-developed test for Vietnamese students in your geographic area and administration of questionnaires to the boy's teachers and family D. Language samples in Vietnamese, dynamic assessment, and observations of the boy's interaction with family members and other Vietnamese children

D. Language samples in Vietnamese, dynamic assessment, and observations of the boy's interaction with family members and other Vietnamese children

You are working in a hospital with a boy named Terrence, whose medical chart indicates that he has a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The muscles that contribute to velopharyngeal closure through tensing or elevating the velum are damaged. Which of the following muscles help in velopharyngeal closure? A. Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus B. Stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, levator veli palatini C. Levator veli palatini, genioglossus, salpingopharyngeus D. Palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini

D. Palatoglossus, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini

A 6-month-old infant was seen for an evaluation because he was not gaining weight. Which food consistency would be the most appropriate for the speech-language pathologist to administer during the assessment? A. Ground meat B. Raw vegetables C. Nuts D. Pureed foods

D. Pureed foods

Lisa, a 19-year-old college student, was in a car accident and was airlifted to the trauma center at a local hospital. The paramedics at the accident scene had to perform an emergency intubation to permit her to breathe. A week after the accident, Lisa was discharged from the hospital and was breathing normally. A month later, she returned to the hospital complaining of hoarseness and breathiness. The laryngologist performed an evaluation and noticed that a unilateral localized inflammatory vascular lesion had developed on the vocal process of her arytenoid cartilage. The laryngologist believed that the intubation may have caused A. hyperkeratosis. B. leukoplakia. C. hemangioma. D. a granuloma.

D. a granuloma.

The definition of stuttering as "speech that contains 5% or more disfluencies" is based on A. an etiological theory of stuttering. B. the notion that stuttering is a certain moment and an expert judges it as such. C. the psychodynamic view of stuttering. D. certain listener evaluation studies.

D. certain listener evaluation studies.

The different parts of the brain are connected by bundles of fibers. Therefore, the brain functions as an integrated whole. Of those connecting fibers, the projection fibers A. are interhemispheric connectors. B. consist of superior longitudinal fibers. C. do not contain motor fibers. D. connect the cortex and the subcortical structures.

D. connect the cortex and the subcortical structures.

Speech rate modification is a significant goal for patients with A. dementia. B. Wernicke's aphasia. C. right hemisphere syndrome. D. dysarthria.

D. dysarthria.

A patient complains of muscle fatigue in her larynx. She visits her local hospital, and the specialist decides to insert needle electrodes into the peripheral laryngeal muscles to directly measure laryngeal function. The specialist informs the patient that this procedure is used to study the pattern of electrical activity of the vocal folds and view muscle activity patterns. This procedure is called A. indirect laryngoscopy. B. direct laryngoscopy. C. electroglottography. D. electromyography.

D. electromyography.

The concrete operations stage as delineated by Piaget states that the child A. displays the ability to think and speak in the abstract. B. underextends words. C. is able to make if/then statements. D. employs logical causality.

D. employs logical causality.

A child has been referred for an assessment of his pragmatic skills. The chief complaint of adults and children with whom he interacts is that he frequently gives commands and sounds rude and bossy. His classroom teacher says she is "fed up with his bossiness" and peers do not include him in their games. His father tells you that the boy frequently says things like "take me to pizza" and "get me spider-man 3 DVD" instead of giving orders. In therapy you know you will need to work on the boys facility with? A. passive sentence transformation B. cohension C. narrative skills D. indirect requests E. didactic monologues

D. indirect requests

A child is brought for an evaluation because he is having difficulty producing /r/ and /l/. In your report, you state that he is having difficulty producing A. glides. B. affricates. C. fricatives. D. liquids

D. liquids

Stuttering is more likely A. on the third and fourth words in a sentence. B. when the client speaks in monologue with no audience. C. when the client produces words that are more frequently used in the language. D. on words that begin with consonants.

D. on words that begin with consonants.

When a child repeats a pattern (e.g., wawa/water), it is referred to as A. regressive assimilation. B. progressive assimilation. C. voicing assimilation. D. reduplication.

D. reduplication

The concept of adequate construct validity means that A. several judges have agreed that a test has been constructed appropriately and measures what it purports to measure. B. test items have been judged to be relevant for measuring what the test purports to measure. C. the test accurately predicts future performance on a related task. D. test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations.

D. test scores are consistent with theoretical concepts or expectations.

You are working with a 2-year-old boy to offer early intervention. His parents are concerned because they want him to go to preschool next year, but they believe his language skills will be insufficient for him to be successful in interacting in a preschool environment. The boy's language skills are comparable to those of a 9-month-old; his vocal expressions are limited to variegated babbling. An appropriate therapy goal for this child might include A. use of two-word combinations. B. development of basic morphological features. C. comprehension of compound sentences. D. use of functional words in one-word utterances.

D. use of functional words in one-word utterances.

you have been asked to give a workshop to a group of parents of infants who attend a developmental nursery. The parents are interested in what they can do to communicate more successfully with their infants. Most of the infants are between 1-10 months of age. Most of the parents do not have much money or access to toys or objects. but you are told they do spend a lot of time with their baby's. you are asked to speak about what specifically these parents can do to successfully interact with their infants in daily routines such as bathing, and eating. You will tell these parents which of the following? A. When your baby starts to cry let him do so for 5-10 minutes before you respond; this will teach the baby independence and motivate him to express himself in words later on (instead of crying) B. ideally, speak to the baby in utterances (child directed speech) that are higher pitched and have greater pitch fluctuations than ordinary speech C. Increase the baby's rudimentary turn taking skills by responding to his vitalizations and playing games such as peek-a-boo. D. A, B, C E. B, C

E. B, C

In a periodic complex sound, tones that occur over the fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency are called A. Complex sinusoidal wave forms B. auto correlational periodic wave forms C. multiple bandwidths D. Tonal configurations forms E. Harmonics

E. Harmonics

An example of a sentence using an embedded form would be which of the following? A. I saw the squirrel climbing the tree B. The girl ate a cookie, three crackers, and some fruit C. Mom and dad are going to the sore to buy some groceries D. Because he was on time, they were happy with him E. The boy who got a hair cut looks nice.

E. The boy who got a hair cut looks nice.

The term coarticulation refers to: A. speech sounds being modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds to the point that there are perceptible changes in sounds. B. the extent to which vocal tract configurations change shape during the production of consonants and vowels in running speech C. vocal punctuation, or a combination of suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing D. the influence of various syllables upon one another when a client recites a phonetically balanced list of words. E. the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds

E. the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds

When a speaker is producing a vowel and the vowel is being acoustically analyzed, one can state as a general rule that:

F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement ( variation in the anterior to posterior of the tongue in the oral cavity)

A 7-year-old girl, Ashton is referred to you by her second grade teacher. Mr. Alvarez says that Ashton "doesn't always get along with peers" and doesn't know how to hold a decent conversation" You assess Ashton personally and also observe her on the playground during recess and in the cafeteria at lunchtime. You see that the teacher is correct. Ashton has difficulty in conversational exchanges with her peers, and they frequently ignore her. You notice when talking to you she seems uncomfortable and doesn't say much even when you use a variety of interesting game and toys. In therapy you first property should be?

Increase her skills in discourse

The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as?

Liquids

You observe a clinician working with a child who has a language impairment. They are making cookies together and the clinician is saying things like "look, the dough goes in the bowl; the spoon is beside the bowl. We will set the bowl on top of the counter and then make the cookies. We'll put them in the oven, and take them out when they are done." The clinician is working on developing the child's skill in the area of understanding:

Locatives

The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are?

Mass and elasticity

You are conducting an assessment with an incoming kindergartner Jason E. Who has difficulty with word endings. Specifically he tends to omit endings like -est and -ily. He is having difficulty with which specific aspect of language?

Morphology

-A fourth-grade child, Alex, has been referred to you for language testing by his teacher. His parents are concerned and upset with the teacher because they feel that Alex needs more help in reading and writing skills than he is receiving. They tell you that the math and science homework assignments are too difficult for him, and they feel that the fourth-grade teacher is making unreasonable demands. You find out that Alex did not attend preschool, and even in kindergarten, the teacher wrote on his first-trimester progress report that he "began school not knowing basic concepts; he didn't talk as much as the other children either." You will tell Alex's parents that...

The teacher is making reasonable demands that are consistent with fourth-grade curriculum standards. you would like to conduct an assessment of Alex's language skills in a variety of domain to see whether he needs support services in oral and written language.

A sinusoidal wave is a sound wave: A. horizontal and vertical symmetry B. one peak and one valley C. a single frequency D. results from a simple harmonic motion E. ALL OF THE ABOVE

all of the above: - horizontal and vertical symmetry - one peak and one valley - a single frequency - results from a simple harmonic motion

A child using recurrence would say a. "face dirty" b. "all gone juice" c. "more cookie" d. "doll mine" e. "close door"

c. "more cookie"

An octave is: a. the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time b. the amount of time between cycles c. an indication of interval between two frequencies D. a measure of the magnitude (intensity, strength) of the sound signal E. the unit of measure for frequency; it is the same as the cycle per second

c. an indication of interval between two frequencies

You are asked to work with a 3 1/2 year old child whose language has been somewhat slow to develop. He is the youngest of 4 children and his parents tell you his older siblings often talk for him. After assessing his language, you find he consistently uses the following morphemes: -ing, in and on, and regular plural -s. Matthew's parents would like to enroll him for therapy because they want him to go to a local preschool and sound like the other kids and have good grammar. Which of the following morphemes would you begin with when he starts therapy?

irregular past tense verbs

The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as:

the fundamental frequency or first harmonic