Chapter 23 Reveiw Q+A's

Which of the following was not included in the Treaty of Versaill

A curtailment of German immigration to Allied nations

Did violence and mistreatment of African Americans accelerate or limit the Great Migration?

A variety of push factors and pull factors were the cause of this massive migration. Blacks were "pushed" by Jim Crow law, rampant discrimination, segregation, and disenfranchisement, and lack of employment in the South and "pulled" by growing employment rates, industrialism and relative tolerance in the North.

. Which of the following was not a destabilizing factor immediately following the end of the war?

A women's liberation movement

. Did racism within the universal suffrage movement undermine its core values?

After the war, however, the Republican Party saw that if they granted women the right to vote, it might mean White women in the South, who were nearly all Democrats, might outweigh the new political power of freed Black male voters there, who would mostly vote Republican, which was the party of Abraham Lincoln. [ Meet the Americans who first advocated for women's right to vote] So it was a calculated decision not to include women in the text of the 15th Amendment ; A few Western states granted women the right to vote, hoping to attract more women to their sparse states and to increase their national importance by increasing their number of voters. But in the East and the South, there was still a lot more work to be done to change attitudes and politics. Most people at the time still thought the idea of women voting was absurd. In 1890, the divided women's movement finally decided to converge as the National American Woman Suffrage Association, or NAWSA. It was mostly dominated by middle- and upper-class White women who were not interested in fighting to defend the rights of the newly enfranchised Black men of the South.

Why was the peace process at the war's end so lengthy? What complications did Wilson encounter in his attempts to promote the process and realize his postwar vision?

AmericaninvolvementinWorldWarIcamelate.ComparedtotheincrediblecarnageenduredbyEurope, the United States' battles were brief and successful, although the appalling fighting conditions and significant casualties made it feel otherwise to Americans, both at war and at home. For Wilson, victory in the fields of France was not followed by triumphs in Versailles or Washington, DC, where his vision of a new world order was summarily rejected by his allied counterparts and then by the U.S. Congress. Wilson had hoped that America's political influence could steer the world to a place of more open and tempered international negotiations. His influence did lead to the creation of the League of Nations, but concerns at home impeded the process so completely that the United States never signed the treaty that Wilson worked so hard to create. ; 14 Points : Woodrow Wilson's postwar peace plan, which called for openness in all matters of diplomacy, including free trade, freedom of the seas, and an end to secret treaties and negotiations, among others

Why did the war not increase overall prosperity?

Because Inflation made the cost of living higher

Why was the German use of the unterseeboot considered to defy international law?

Because they refused to warn their targets before firing

How did postwar conditions explain Warren Harding's landslide victory in the 1920 presidential election?

By the time of the 1920 election, the United States was tired and traumatized by the events of the past year.The nation had fought a brutal war, with veterans bringing home their own scars and troubles, and it had suffered domestically as well. Economic uncertainty and shortages, violent racial conflicts, fear of a Communist takeover, and a deadly flu pandemic had left Americans overwhelmed and unhappy.They did not seek new Progressive ideals, they did not want to be the world's policeman, and they did not want to destabilize what already felt unsteady. By choosing a reassuring-looking candidate who promised to bring things "back to normal," Americans squarely voted to hunker down, nurse their wounds, and try to enjoy themselves.

What new opportunities did the war present for women and African Americans? What limitations did these groups continue to face in spite of these opportunities?

For most African-American soldiers, service in World War I allowed them to broaden their social, political, geographic and cultural horizons. Having the opportunity to travel to different parts of the country and, for the approximately 200,000 African-American soldiers who served overseas, to different parts of the world, was a life-altering experience.In France, many African-American soldiers interacted with African soldiers and laborers from the French colonies in North and West Africa, forging bonds and sowing the seeds of a pan-African consciousness. African-American soldiers also became cultural ambassadors, introducing France and the world to jazz through the various regimental bands that took the country by storm.

What barriers did Wilson face in his efforts to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? What objections did those opposed to the treaty voice?

In order to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson needed to ensure a two-thirds approval by the U.S. Senate, which meant overcoming the objections of a majority of Senate Republicans. Isolationists, most notably Henry Cabot Lodge, worried that the treaty's Article X would oblige the United States to intervene extensively in international affairs. Interventionists, alternatively, argued that Article X would prevent the United States from using its military might to protect its interests abroad. Ultimately, Congress defeated both the originally worded treaty and a later version that included amendments. As a result, the United States never officially signed the treaty nor joined the League of Nations.

What of the following was not used to control American dissent against the war effort?

National Civil Liberties Bureau

What role did propaganda play in World War I? How might the absence of propaganda have changed the circumstances or the outcome of the war?

Propaganda played a huge role in World War I since propaganda riled up many americans across the nation. Many would depict that the United States entry into the war was necessary in order for peace. ... Propaganda would spread the message more, so without it, the U.S citizens would not have wanted war

Which of the following was not enacted in order to secure men and materials for the war effort?

The Sedition Act

. What was Article X in the Treaty of Versailles?

The agreement that all nations in the League of Nations would be rendered equal

Why was prohibition's success short-lived?

The ban on alcohol did not take effect until one year after the war, when the public sentiments that had eased its passage began to wane. The law proved difficult to enforce, as ever-greater numbers of Americans began to defy it. Organized crime's involvement in the illegal liquor trade made enforcement even more difficult and the procurement of alcohol more dangerous. All of these elements led to the law's repeal in 1933.

What changes did the war bring to the everyday lives of Americans? How lasting were these changes?

The end of a successful war did not bring the kind of celebration the country craved or anticipated. The flu pandemic, economic troubles, and racial and ideological tensions combined to make the immediate postwar experience in the United States one of anxiety and discontent. As the 1920 presidential election neared, Americans made it clear that they were seeking a break from the harsh realities that the country had been forced to face through the previous years of Progressive mandates and war. By voting in President Warren G. Harding in a landslide election, Americans indicated their desire for a government that would leave them alone, keep taxes low, and limit social Progressivism and international intervention.

. How did the government work to ensure unity on the home front, and why did Wilson feel that this was so important?

The government took a number of steps to ensure that Americans supported the war effort. Congress passed several laws, including the Trading with the Enemy Act, the Espionage Act, the Sedition Act, and the Alien Act, all intended to criminalize dissent against the war. The government also encouraged private citizens to identify and report potential disloyalty among their neighbors, teachers, and others, including those who spoke out against the war and the draft for religious reasons. Wilson believed these steps were necessary to prevent divided loyalties, given the many recent immigrants living in the United States who maintained ties to European nations on both sides of the conflict.

What was the inciting event that led to the Chicago Race Riot of 1919?

The murder of a black boy who swam too close to a white beach

Which of the following did not influence the eventual passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

The passage of the Volstead Act

In order to pursue his goal of using American influence overseas only when it was a moral imperative, Wilson put which man in the position of Secretary of State?

William Jennings Bryan

Why was preparation crucial to ensuring U.S. victory in World War I?

Wilson might have entered the war unwillingly, but once it became inevitable, he quickly moved to use federal legislation and government oversight to put into place the conditions for the nation's success. First, he sought to ensure that all logistical needs—from fighting men to raw materials for wartime production—were in place and within government reach. From legislating rail service to encouraging Americans to buy liberty loans and "bring the boys home sooner," the government worked to make sure that the conditions for success were in place. Then came the more nuanced challenge of ensuring that a country of immigrants from both sides of the conflict fell in line as Americans, first and foremost. Aggressive propaganda campaigns, combined with a series of restrictive laws to silence dissenters, ensured that Americans would either support the war or at least stay silent. While some conscientious objectors and others spoke out, the government efforts were largely successful in silencing those who had favored neutrality

To what extent were Woodrow Wilson's actual foreign policy decisions consistent with his foreign policy philosophy or vision?

Wilson's foreign policy goal was to minimize American involvement abroad and use a less imperialistic approach than the presidents before him. Rather than being guided by America's self-interest, he hoped to enact a policy based on moral decisions, acting only when it was morally imperative. In practice, however, Wilson found himself, especially in South and Central America, following the steps of other, more interventionist presidents. He sent troops into Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba, often to ensure that America's interests were met. In Asia and Mexico, Wilson also found it difficult to remain outside of world affairs without jeopardizing America's interests.