Chapter 23 The Digestive System

24. Chemical digestion is initiated in the _____________. A. mouth B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine

A

Produces mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

What is the function of goblet cells?

10. Saliva is composed mainly of _____________. A. water B. amylase C. lingual lipase D. mucin

a

13. The inner lining of the stomach is made up of __________. A. simple columnar epithelium B. simple squamous epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

a

16. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes of the pancreatic juice that act on __________. A. proteins B. fats C. carbohydrates D. DNA and RNA

a

18. In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are _____________, while sympathetic inputs are _____________. A. stimulatory; inhibitory B. rapid; long lasting C. inhibitory; stimulatory D. hormonal; neural

a

18. The cystic duct is attached at one end to the __________. A. gallbladder B. pancreas C. liver D. duodenum

a

2. The esophagus is a part of the _____________, while the pancreas is considered a(n) _____________ when it comes to the digestive system. A. alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ B. stomach; propulsion organ C. accessory organs; alimentary canal component D. pharynx; mechanical breakdown organ

a

20. Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatocytes? A. Secretion of digestive enzymes. B. Secretion of bile. C. Secretion of bilirubin. D. Synthesizing cholesterol.

a

23. The final products of protein digestion are __________. A. amino acids B. fatty acids and glycerol C. monosaccharides D. nucleotides

a

27. Meals high in protein _____________ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands. A. increase B. decrease C. have no effect on D. delay

a

28. Although over 9 liters of water enter the small intestine, the amount lost in the feces is only about __________. A. 0.1 L B. 1 L C. 2 L D. 3 L

a

30. This hormone triggers the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice. A. CCK B. Secretin C. Gastrin D. Bile

a

31. This hormone relaxes the hepatopancreatic sphincter. A. CCK B. Secretin C. Gastrin D. Bile

a

32. Which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in digestive enzymes and contraction of the wall of the gallbladder to release bile? A. Cholecystokinin B. Gastrin C. Enterokinase D. Secretin

a

35. The hormone that causes secretion of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions is __________. A. secretin B. cholecystokinin C. gastrin D. enterokinase

a

37. Amylase allows us to digest _____________. A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. fats D. All of the above.

a

6. Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost. A. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa B. Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa C. Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa D. Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa

a

What is not a characteristic of the large intestines? a) longer than small intestines b) exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli has pocket-like sacs called haustra c) does not contain vili

a

11. Which of the following phases of gastric secretion is a conditioned reflex? A. Gastric phase. B. Cephalic phase. C. Intestinal phase. D. All three phases above are conditioned reflexes.

b

12. Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to a hormone released from the __________. A. duodenum B. stomach C. pancreas D. liver

b

12. The majority of absorption occurs in the _____________. A. stomach B. small intestine C. large intestine D. mouth

b

13. The _____________ in the small intestine have a similar structure and function to the _____________ in the stomach. A. gastric pits; intestinal glands B. intestinal glands; gastric pits C. goblet cells; enteroendocrine cells D. brush border; rugae

b

14. The majority of _____________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. A. ingestion B. chemical digestion C. mechanical breakdown D. absorption

b

15. The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the__________. A. pylorus of the stomach B. duodenum C. jejunum D. ileum

b

17. The only substance in bile that aids in digestion is __________. A. bilirubin B. bile salts C. secretin D. lipase

b

19. Which digestive gland/organ produces bile? A. Salivary glands B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Gallbladder

b

22. What are the names of the three sections of the small intestine? A. Cecum, pylorus, fundus. B. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum. C. Pylorus, ileum, colon. D. Jejunum, cardia, duodenum.

b

22. _____________ stimulates the gallbladder to contract. A. Secretin B. CCK C. Gastrin D. Fatty chyme

b

26. The stomach is able to expand to nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to _____________ in its walls. A. microvilli B. rugae C. circular folds D. haustra

b

27. All lipids are absorbed through the brush border of the small intestine by the process of __________. A. facilitated diffusion B. simple diffusion C. active transport D. pinocytosis

b

34. The pocketlike sacs of the large intestine are called _____________. A. teniae coli B. haustra C. epiploic appendages D. cecae

b

40. Micelles are formed during the absorption of which nutrient? A. Monosaccharides B. Fatty acids C. Amino acids D. Disaccharides

b

5. The nerve plexus that controls secretions by the gastrointestinal tract is located in the __________. A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscularis D. serosa

b

9. What is the function of the uvula? A. Helps push food into the oral pharynx. B. Closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing. C. Serves as part of the MALT defense. D. It has no function.

b

Ingestiion of the meal high in fat causes which to occur? A) acid secretions from stomach to digest food and cause heart burn b) bile would be released from gallbladder to emulsify the fat in duodenum c) increased production of trypsinogen d) type of food causes gastrin to cease and causes faster gastric emptying

b

Which is incorrect regarding bile? a) carries biliruben formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs b) contains enzymes for digestion c) emulsifies fat d) both an excretory and digestive secretion

b

which of the following produces intrinsic factor? a) mucous neck cells b) parietal cells c) zymogenic cells d) enteroendrocrine cells

b

1. Peristalsis is part of which digestive process? A. Absorption B. Ingestion C. Propulsion D. Chemical digestion

c

1. Which of the following are part of the digestive system, but are not part of the alimentary canal? A. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum. B. Stomach, esophagus, pharynx. C. Liver, pancreas, gallbladder. D. Mouth, pharynx, rectum.

c

15. In what way is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption? A. Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum. B. CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion. C. It has a large surface area due to the presence of the circular folds, villi, and microvilli. D. The small intestine is very long and thin.

c

16. In terms of gastrointestinal function, the large intestine's greatest contribution is _____________. A. exposing the chyme to the rich assortment of pancreatic enzymes through the process of segmentation B. absorption of all primary nutrients C. absorption of water D. regulation of gastric motility

c

19. The gastric cells that secrete pepsinogen are the _____________. A. mucous neck cells B. parietal cells C. chief cells D. enteroendocrine cells

c

20. The _____________ cells are responsible for HCl production. A. goblet B. mucous C. parietal D. chief

c

21. The physical and chemical breakdown of food is completed primarily in the __________. A. large intestine B. stomach C. small intestine D. cecum

c

24. The crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) are found in the __________. A. gastric pits B. large intestine C. small intestine D. pancreas

c

25. Pepsin action ceases in the duodenum because of the presence of __________. A. enterokinase enzyme, secreted by the duodenum B. bile pigments from the liver C. bicarbonate ions from the pancreas D. secretin hormone from the duodenum

c

26. Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the __________. A. mouth B. stomach C. small intestines D. large intestines

c

31. The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by __________. A. gastrin B. HCl in chyme C. secretin D. trypsinogen

c

33. Which of the following is not part of the large intestine? A. Cecum B. Appendix C. Ileum D. Sigmoid colon

c

34. Secretion of gastrin and stimulation of the vagus nerve cause __________. A. decreased stomach motility, relaxation of the esophageal sphincter, and contraction of the pyloric sphincter B. increased secretion of secretin, inhibition of the smooth muscles of the stomach, and contraction of the pyloric sphincter C. increased stomach motility, contraction of the esophageal sphincter, and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter D. decreased secretion of hydrogen ions, inhibition of pepsin secretion, and relaxation of the esophageal muscles

c

35. The functions of the large intestine include all of the following except _____________. A. elimination of waste B. absorption of water and electrolytes C. absorption of nutrients D. production of vitamins

c

41. Intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach and is necessary for the absorption of _____________. A. triglycerides B. fat-soluble vitamins C. vitamin B12 D. vitamin C

c

5. Which histological layer of the alimentary canal is also known as the visceral peritoneum? A. Submucosa B. Muscularis C. Serosa D. Mucosa

c

7. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues predominates in most of the digestive tract? A. Simple squamous B. Stratified squamous C. Simple columnar D. Simple cuboidal

c

7. Which two regions of the large intestine are retroperitoneal? A. Ascending colon and sigmoid colon B. Descending colon and sigmoid colon C. Ascending colon and descending colon D. Transverse colon and sigmoid colon

c

8. The membrane that lines the body wall of the abdominal cavity is the _____________. A. ventral mesentery B. visceral peritoneum C. parietal peritoneum D. retroperitoneum

c

9. The esophageal hiatus is found on this organ. A. Esophagus B. Stomach C. Diaphragm D. Pharynx

c

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same 4 basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen . a) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa b) muscularis externa, serosa,, mucosa and submucosa c) mucosa, submuscosa, muscularis externa and serosa

c

11. The pyloric sphincter is found between the __________. A. duodenum and jejunum B. ileum and cecum C. stomach and esophagus D. stomach and duodenum

d

17. Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by _____________. A. the CNS B. chemoreceptors in the gut C. the enteric nerve plexus D. all of the above

d

2. The myenteric plexus is located in which layer of the alimentary canal? A. Mucosa B. Serosa C. Lamina propria D. Muscularis

d

21. Which cells produce CCK in the intestine? A. Simple columnar cells B. Goblet cells C. Intraepithelial lymphocytes D. Enteroendocrine cells

d

23. Most of the digestive enzymes found in the small intestine are secreted by this accessory organ. A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Stomach D. Pancreas

d

25. The fingerlike projections of the intestinal mucosa are called _____________. A. rugae B. plicae circulares C. brush borders D. villi

d

28. A meal high in fat would _____________. A. stimulate rapid gastric emptying B. stimulate the intensity of the stomach's peristaltic waves C. increase gastrin secretion D. inhibit gastric emptying

d

29. This substance secreted by the pancreas helps neutralize chyme. A. Chymotrypsin B. Bile C. Trypsin D. Bicarbonate

d

3. All of the following are part of the alimentary canal except the _____________. A. pharynx B. esophagus C. small intestine D. liver

d

32. Which of the following enzymes breaks down lipids? A. Amylase B. Pepsin C. Bile D. None of the above

d

33. During the intestinal phase of gastric digestion __________. A. gastric secretions and motility increase B. gastric motility increases, but gastric secretions decrease C. gastric motility decreases, but gastric secretions increase D. gastric secretions and motility decrease

d

36. Which of the following reflexes are we able to voluntarily control? A. Gastroileal reflex B. Gastrocolic reflex C. Enterogastric reflex D. Defecation reflex

d

38. Which of the following is not an enzyme? A. CCK B. Lipase C. Pepsin D. Bile

d

39. Which enzyme below breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides? A. Rennin B. Pepsin C. Lipase D. Sucrase

d

4. Simple columnar epithelium is found in which histological layer of the alimentary canal? A. Submucosa B. Muscularis C. Serosa D. Mucosa

d

6. The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the __________ cavity. A. antiperitoneal B. mediastinal C. retroperitoneal D. peritoneal

d

You've just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates, which of the following enzymes would help you digest the meal? a) cholecystokinin b) gastrin c) trypsin d) amylase

d

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

lipase

Which organ is involved in : secretion, mechanical breakdown, digestion and absorption?

the stomach