Chapter 23: The Female Reproductive System (FINAL)

The number of chromosomes present in the mature oocyte is

23

The length of time for a complete menstrual cycle to occur is about

28 days

The process of ovulation occurs every

28-30 days

The sac that entirely encloses the embryo during development is the

Amnion

The sac that entirely encloses the embryo is the

Amnion

In the process of meiosis in the ovary

An oocyte with 23 chromosomes is produced

The hymen is a fold of epithelium partially blocking the entrance to the vagina

Before the first act of sexual intercourse

The hollow ball of cells resulting from multiple divisions of the fertilized oocyte is the

Blastocyst

The female reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity within a mesentery known as the

Broad ligament

The major organs of the female reproductive system are enclosed within an extensive mesentery called the

Broad ligament

When oocytes are released from follicles in the ovaries, they are swept into the uterine tubes

By the cilia of fimbriae

The neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina is called the

Cervix

Transport of the oocyte through the uterine tube is encouraged by the movement of hairlike cell appendages of epithelial cells called

Cilia

The fertilized oocyte forms two cells, then four cells, then eight cells, by the process of

Cleavage

The small mass of erectile tissue that enlarges during female sexual arousal is the

Clitoris

After the oocyte is released from the follicle, the follicle cells form a structure called the

Corpus luteum

The birth process is marked by the

Decrease of progesterone and increase of oxytocin

During the first two months after implantation, the developing individual is referred to as a(n)

Embryo

The germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal system, many of the glands, and structures of the urinary and respiratory tract is the

Endoderm

Development of the embryo takes place in the tissue layer of the uterus known as the

Endometrium

The inner tissue layer of the uterine wall partially sloughed off during menstruation is the

Endometrium

Hormones produced by cells of the female reproductive tract are progesterone and

Estrogen

The vulva is an alternate term for the

External genitalia

During the final seven months of a pregnancy, the developing individual is known as a(n)

Fetus

The projections that extend from the uterine tube into the pelvic cavity are

Fimbriae

Layers of cells surrounding the primary oocytes form a structure called the

Follicle

Within the ovary, the follicle grows and matures under the influence of the hormone

Follicle stimulating hormone

During days 6-14 of the menstrual cycle

Follicles develop in the ovaries

During pregnancy, the corpus luteum remains functional

For about three months

The developing individual is considered a fetus

For the final seven months

The point where the cervix projects into the vagina forms a hollow recess in the vagina known as the

Fornix

The uterine tubes enter the uterus at the bulging upper surface of the body of the uterus called the

Fundus

The endoderm germ layer will develop into the

Gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

A reliable indication that fertilization has taken place is the presence in the bloodstream of the hormone

Human chorionic gonadotropin

The fold of epithelium partially blocking the entrance to the vagina prior to sexual activity is the

Hymen

The process in which the blastocyst contacts the wall of the endometrium and buries itself therein is called the

Implantation

The expanded funnel of the uterine tube is the

Infundibulum ligament

All the following apply to the umbilical cord except

It contains one umbilical artery and two umbilical veins

Two elongated folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and structures of the vestibule are the

Labia majora

The production of milk is called

Lactation

One of the functions of greater vestibular glands is to

Lubricate the vagina during sexual intercourse

After birth, the newborn gains nourishment from milk secreted from the

Mammary glands

The pattern of physiological and structural changes in the female reproductive tract occuring in response to changes of ovarian hormones is known as the

Menstrual cycle

The germ layer that develops into the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, blood, bone, and other organs is the

Mesoderm

The middle layer of the uterine wall composed of thick muscle layers is the

Myometrium

Immature oocytes contained within the ovary are known as

Oocytes

The process by which mature oocytes are formed in the ovary is known as

Oogenesis

The primitive oocytes that will pass through oogenesis to form mature oocytes are called

Oogonia

The organs where oocytes are produced in the female reproductive tract are the

Ovaries

A surge of estrogen and progesterone accompany the release of the oocyte from the follicle, a process known as

Ovulation

The mature oocyte is also known as a(n)

Ovum

During the early stages of birth, contractions of the uterus are stimulated by a hormone released from the pituitary gland, known as

Oxytocin

The ejection of milk is mediated by the hormone

Oxytocin

During sexual intercourse, lubricants are produced by the glands known as the greater vestibular gland and the

Paraurethral glands

Within the uterus, the organ producing hormones and providing a medium for the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between embryonic and maternal bloodstreams is the

Placenta

The endometrial lining of the uterus remains in place during pregnancy in large measure because of the

Presence of the hormone progesterone

Lactation is the process of

Production of milk by the mammary glands

The hormone produced by the corpus luteum, which prevents the contractions of the uterus, is known as

Progesterone

The stage of the menstrual cycle during which follicles develop in the ovaries and the endometrium is regenerated is the

Proliferative stage

The corpus luteum forms from the

Residual cells of the follicle

The ligaments that support the ovary are the ovarian ligament and the

Suspensory ligament

A breach birth is one in which

The buttocks of the baby presents first

During days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone

To form the zygote

The nuclei of sperm and oocytes must unite

During the first few days of the menstrual cycle

The stratum functionalis is sloughed off

The heartbeat begins, ossification takes place in bones, and the body systems are developing during pregnancy in month number

Three

The long ropelike structure extending from the placenta to the embryo during development is known as the

Umbilical cord

Fertilization of the oocyte by the sperm usually takes place in the

Uterine tube

The ampulla, fimbriae, and infundibulum are anatomical features of the

Uterine tubes

The hollow organ where the embryo develops in the female is the

Uterus

The muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia is the

Vagina

The muscular tube where sperm cells are deposited during sexual intercourse is the

Vagina

In order to reach oocytes present in the uterine tubes, sperm must swim through the

Vagina, cervix, and uterus

When an oocyte unites with a sperm, the resulting fertilized oocyte is called the

Zygote

All the following are associated with the uterus except

it is composed of one tissue layer called the myometrium