Chapter 24

Epstein-Barr Virus goes dormant in ___ cells of the immune system; reactivation may be asymptomatic or can come back as infectious mononucleosis

B cells

The first time a person acquires VZV, it's in the form on ___________ _________ (common name for varicella)

Chicken pox

___________ infection - virus is detectable in tissue samples, multiplying at a slow rate - viral particles are slowly released; symptoms can be mild or absent

Chronic

Burkitt lymphoma is a disease called by ________- ________ virus which causes B cells to develop malignancy

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Infectious mononucleosis is an illness caused by ________-________ virus

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma causes malignancy of epithelial cells; this type of cancer occurs in the nasopharynx & Affects older Chinese and African men. Which virus causes this illness?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

_____________-____________ virus is Ubiquitous(found in all environments); infects lymphoid tissue (lymph system) and salivary glands

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

T/F Some herpes viruses show latency and cause recurrent infection

False ALL herpes viruses become latent and become reactivated

HSV-2 is usually found in lesions on the oropharynx, cold sores, fever blisters

False HSV1

HSV-1 is found in lesions/sores on the genitalia, possibly oral; STD

False HSV2

T/F chickenpox is caused by the poxvirus

False its caused by the herpes virus

Type 2 herpes causes an infection known as ________ ________: starts with malaise, anorexia, fever, and bilateral swelling and tenderness in the groin; clusters of sensitive vesicles on the genitalia, perineum, and buttocks; urethritis, painful urination, cervicitis, itching; vesicles ulcerate

Genital herpes

Recurrent infection of _______________ is triggered by various stimuli - fever, UV radiation, stress, mechanical injury Newly formed viruses migrate to body surface, producing a local skin or membrane lesion

HSV1/2

__________ is an inflammatory disease of liver cells that may result from several viruses. This disease interferes with the liver's normal function; causes excretion of bile pigments, bilirubin accumulates in blood and tissues causing jaundice, a yellow tinge in skin and eyes

Hepatitis

Name the virus that causes transmission by blood, sexual and intimate contact; high incidence among homosexuals and IV drug addict.

Hepatitis B (HBV) Virus

chronic liver disease leads to necrosis and cirrhosis; death of liver cells and scar tissue. Which virus causes tis illness?

Hepatitis B (HBV) Virus

Type 1 herpes causes an infection known as _________ __________: fever blisters or cold sores (most common recurrent HSV-1 infection)

Herpes labialis:

Name the herpes viruses that cause fever blisters and genital infections

Herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV),

Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes _________ _______ (also known as shingles)

Herpes zoster

Name the herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles

Herpesvirus 3: varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Name the herpesvirus associated with infection of the lymphoid tissue

Herpesvirus 4: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),

Type 1 herpes causes an infection known as ___________ __________: oropharynx infection in young children; fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes

Herpetic gingivostomatitis

Type 1 herpes causes an infection known as ___________ ___________: also known as ocular herpes; inflammation of the eye; gritty feeling in the eye, conjunctivitis (pink eye), sharp pain, and sensitivity to light

Herpetic keratitis:

__________ __________: can penetrate a break in the skin and cause a localized infection; usually on one finger; extremely painful and itchy; Workers in the fields of obstetrics, gynecology, dentistry, and respiratory therapy at greatest risk; HSV1/HSV2

Herpetic whitlow

Genital warts: most common STD in U.S.; morphology ranges from tiny, flat, inconspicuous bumps to extensive, branching, cauliflower-like masses. Which virus causes this manifestation?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Which virus is transmissible through direct contact with a person who has wart or by contaminated fomites?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

erythema infectiosum is a disease caused by which virus?

Human Parvoviruses

How is Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) transmitted?

Infection is transmitted by respiratory droplets or close contact

____________________ carcinoma causes malignancy of epithelial cells; caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Nasopharyngeal

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes __________: squamous epithelial growth, wart, or verruca

Papilloma

Which virus causes distemper (respiratory infections) in cats, enteric (gastrointestinal) disease in dogs?

Parvoviruses

__________ warts: deep and painful; on soles of feet; caused by a strain of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Plantar

T/F HSV2 Can be spread without visible lesions

True

T/F Hepatitis B (HBV) Virus multiplies exclusively in the liver, which continuously seeds blood with viruses; can lead to a chronic condition

True

T/F Herpesviruses replicate within nucleus since they are a DNA virus

True

T/F Humans are the only natural host for Infection is transmitted by respiratory droplets or close contact

True

T/F Newborns can become infected with herpes

True

T/F Older people are more likely to develop Herpes zoster (shingles) because the immune system is weaker

True

T/F Smallpox exposure happens through inhalation of air droplets or direct skin contact

True

T/F Some of the strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) that cause genital warts are transformative and can cause cancer.

True

T/F Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is a herpes virus

True

T/F Chickenpox becomes latent and can reappear as shingles later in life

True (latent infection)

T/F Viruses are limited to a particular host or cell type

True Some viruses wont infect humans because we don't have the "right" receptors for the virus to bind

T/F Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) enters neurons and goes latent

True infected for life and can reactivate

________ ________ strain: highly virulent form of the pox, can cause toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation

Variola major

__________ _________strain: less virulent form of the pox

Variola minor

HIV can progress and lead to AIDS; part of the immune system is lost. HIV a ________ infection

chronic

what are the two types of persistent infections?

chronic and latent

Most RNA viruses multiply in and are released from the ______________

cytoplasm

Shingles stay isolated to ________________ which are areas of the skin under the control of a neuron; this is the site of the rash.

dermatomes

HSV-1 _____________: rare complication but most common sporadic form of viral ______________ in the U.S., life-threatening; causes inflammation in the brain

encephalitis

T/F All viruses contain an envelope

false all viruses contain a capsid

HSV1 multiplies in sensory neurons, moves to the _________; the virus can travel to the eyes, nose, and mouth area

ganglia

After a person becomes infected with chicken pox, later in life, it can become reactivated as a different illness known as _________ _________ (shingles)

herpes zoster

__________________ are common and serious opportunists among AIDS patients; they take opportunity of a weakened immune system

herpesviruses

In industrialized countries, college-age population is vulnerable to _____________ ___________ (mono or kissing disease); casual hook ups and sharing drinks

infectious mononucleosis

________ infections - after a lytic cycle, virus enters a dormant phase (stops multiplying); generally not detectable since there is no signs/symptoms; can reactivate/multiply and result in recurrent infections

latent

The _______ _______, which is also referred to as the "reproductive cycle", is a six-stage cycle: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis

lytic cycle

Most DNA viruses are budded off the ____________

nucleus

Some persistent viruses are ____________: can cause cancer

oncogenic

All DNA viruses are double-stranded except for ______________, which have ssDNA

parvoviruses

Some viruses establish long-term ____________ infections that last many years or a lifetime

persistent

_________ has a specificity for cytoplasm of epidermal cells and subcutaneous connective tissues

poxvirus

what are the three enveloped DNA viruses?

poxvirus, herpesvirus, and hepadnaviruses

Many mammalian groups host some _____________- cowpox, rabbitpox, mousepox, elephantpox

poxviruses

____________ produce eruptive skin pustules (pocks or pox) that leave scars

poxviruses

Viruses have spikes that have to be a "match" to the ___________ on the host cell in order for it to bind and enter

receptors

All RNA viruses are single-stranded except for dsRNA _______________

reoviruses

Common _______ warts: painless, elevated, rough growth; on fingers caused by a strain of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

seed

Name a type of poxvirus

small pox

Which viral disease was first to be eliminated by vaccination?

small pox

The ___________ vaccine uses a single drop of vaccinia virus punctured into the skin with a double-pronged needle

smallpox

_____________ virus can be a bioterrorism weapon since most people in the US aren't vaccinated; except for military and medical personal.

smallpox

Several viruses can cross the placenta during pregnancy and cause developmental disturbances and permanent defects; these type of viruses are known as _____________

teratogenic

T/F viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; Depend on a host cell for their function

true

T/F Hepatitis B (HBV) Virus increases the risk of liver cancer known as hepatocellular carcinoma

true because this virus multiplies exclusively in the liver.

The primary infection of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is known as ______________ (chickenpox)

varicella

Name the two illnesses that Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes

varicella (chickenpox) & Herpes zoster (shingles)