Chapter 24 Anatomy

Glomerular blood flow is under relatively high pressure and flow, filtering approximately __________ every 8 minutes. a. 1 liter b. 500 ml c. 2 liters d. 100 ml

A

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine? a. 1% b. 10% c. 30% d. 50%

A

The _______ allows the body to inhibit urination voluntarily until the proper time. a. external urethral sphincter b. ureter c. internal urethral sphincter d. urinary orifice

A

The epithelial cells that form filtration slits within the glomerulus: a. podocytes b. Bowman's capsule c. calyxes d. renal pyramids

A

The urethra is __________. a. a thin walled tube draining urine from the bladder b. quite short in males c. long and curved in females d. all of the above

A

The vessels closely associated with the glomerular capillaries are the ________. a. afferent and efferent arterioles b. afferent arterioles and afferent venules c. afferent arterioles and efferent venules d. afferent and efferent venules

A

The ________, located around the base of the glomerular tuft, show contractile properties that regulate blood flow within the glomerulus. a. podocytes b. juxtagomerular cells c. mensangial cells d. granular cells

C

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is important for __________. a. sodium metabolism b. controlling heart rate c. blood pressure regulation d. none of the above

C

The main artery supplying the kidneys is __________. a. Nephron's arteries b. Bowman's arteries c. renal arteries d. descending aorta

C

This urinary structure contains the trigone region: a. kidney b. ureters c. bladder d. urethra

C

Urine is essentially __________. a. filtrate of the body's interstitial fluid b. buffy coat cells c. filtrate of the blood d. all of the above

C

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney? a. filtration b. secreation c. evaporation d. reabsorption

C

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney? a. cortical radiate arteries b. minor calyces c. renal corpuscles d. renal papillae

C

Which structure(s) is described as slender tubes, about 25 cm long, that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder? a. urachus b. the prostate c. ureters d. urethri

C

At the renal corpuscle and glomerular capsule interface, the fenestrated capillaries allow fluid to leak into capsular space. What is the approximate rate of filtration (i.e. how much fluid is removed from the blood)? a. 80% b. 10% c. 50% d. 20%

D

Blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney through the: a. fibrous capsule b. lateral convex surface c. inferior surface d. hilus

D

Due to the penis and __________, the male urethra is about 20 cm long. a. bladder location b. the testicles c. a less obtuse pelvic arch d. the prostate gland

D

In males this structure has prostatic, membranous, and spongy portions: a. kidney b. ureters c. bladder d. urethra

D

Renal corpuscles occur exclusively in the renal cortex. They consist of __________. a. Bowman's capsules b. glomeruli c. glomerular capsules d. all of the above

D

The basic components of the nephron include __________. a. the renal corpuscle b. the tubular section c. the ureter d. both a and b

D

The detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract __________. a. upon stretching of the bladder wall b. through parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder wall c. through sympathetic activation of the bladder wall d. both a and b

D

The external urethral sphincter is located: a. at the external urethral oriface b. at the junction of the bladder wall and urethra c. at the ureteral oriface d. at the urogenital diaphram

D

The micturition center of the CNS is located __________. a. in the medulla oblongata b. in the cerebral cortex c. at the spinal-cord level d. in the pons

D

The mucosal folds (rugae) in the bladder: a. act to increase the surface area for absorption b. thicken the bladder wall so that it does not bust c. are not present in the living individual, only cadavers d. have the same basic function as transitional epithelium - accommodating stretch as the bladder fills

D

The uriniferous tubule (nephron) produces urine by __________. a. filtration b. resorption c. secretion d. all of the above

D

Two classifications of the nephron are __________. a. cortical b. juxtamedullary c. renal d. both a and b

D

What is the vasa recta blood vessel's function? a. supply oxygen to the nephron b. remove urine byproducts c. readily absorb solutes and water d. concentrate the urine

D

Urine production correctly follows which path? a. uriniferous tubules, renal pyramids, minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, ureter b. ureter, renal pelvis, major calices, minor calices, renal pyramids, uriniferous tubules c. renal pyramids, major calices, uriniferous tubules, ureter d. collecting ducts, renal corpuscles, distal collecting tubules, papillary ducts, major calices, renal pelvis, ureter

A

What muscle of the bladder wall means 'to thrust out'? a. detrusor muscle b. levator muscle c. urethral sphincter d. urogenital diaphragm

A

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the: a. renal sinus b. renal pelvis c. renal cortex d. renal pyramids

B

Renin, the kidney hormone, eventually has an important effect on the reuptake of which ion? a. K+ b. Na+ c. Ca2+ d. Cl-

B

The Bowman's capsule allows filtrate to emerge from __________. a. the proximal convoluted tubule b. the glomerular capillaries c. the distal convoluted tubule d. all of the above

B

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distention is: a. stratified squamous b. transitional c. simple squamous d. pseudostratified columnar

B

The kidneys are located: a. in the anterior portion of the abdominal pelvic cavity b. in a retroperitoneal position in the abdominal cavity c. in the pelvic cavity d. in the thoracic cavity

B

The main function of the distal convoluted tubule is __________. a. filtration b. ion balance c. storage of immature urine d. none of the above

B

The most active portion of the nephron for resorption and secretion is the ________. a. glomerular (Bowman's) capsule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. distal convoluted tubule d. loop of Henle

B

Urine passes through the: a. kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter b. renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra c. glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron d. hilus to the uretha to the bladder

B

What organ is responsible for urine production? a. bladder b. kidney c. liver d. ureter

B

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle? a. the glomerulus b. the loop of Henle c. glomerular capsule d. podocytes

B

Which of the following is not normally found in urine? a. urea b. glucose c. uric acid d. creatinine

B

Kidney stones greater than 5 mm in diameter may cause serious pain and related problems. What is the scientific name for kidney stones? a. bile calculi b. tartar c. renal calculi d. pierres des reines

C