Chapter 24
9. In people with heart failure, the best drugs for reducing excessive sympathetic stimulation of the failing heart are A. alpha blockers B. beta blockers C. angiotensin II receptor blockers D. calcium channel blockers E. diuretics
Ans: B
7. All of the following types of drugs will decrease cardiac workload in people with heart failure EXCEPT A. angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors B. beta blockers C. alpha-1 stimulants D. vasodilators E. diuretics
Ans: C
11. A patient exhibiting symptoms of serious, life-threatening digitalis toxicity could be treated with A. positive inotropes (inamrinone, milrinone) B. epinephrine C. norepinephrine D. digoxin immune Fab (Digibind, DigiFab) E. none of the above; there is no emergency treatment for digitalis toxicity
Ans: D
2. Digitalis and the other cardiac glycosides increase the mechanical pumping ability of the heart by bringing about an increase in _________ concentration. A. extracellular potassium B. intracellular potassium C. extracellular calcium D. intracellular calcium E. extracellular sodium
Ans: D
5. The primary cardiac problem in digitalis toxicity is A. decreased coronary blood flow B. increased coronary oxygen demand C. decreased cardiac intracellular sodium concentration. D. arrhythmia E. isolated systolic hypotension
Ans: D
1. Cardiac glycosides such as digitalis are used to treat heart failure because these drugs exert A. a positive inotropic effect B. a negative inotropic effect C. a positive dromotropic effect D. a negative dromotropic effect E. a positive chronotropic effect
Ans: A
6. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as inamrinone and milrinone may help increase myocardial contraction in heart failure by ______ breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which leads to a(n) ______ in calcium in cardiac cells. A. inhibiting; increase B. stimulating; increase C. inhibiting; decrease D. stimulating; decrease
Ans: A
3. Digitalis exerts its primary mechanical effect by _____ the sodium-potassium pump on the myocardial cell membrane, which leads directly to an _____ intracellular sodium concentration. A. stimulating; increase B. inhibiting; increase C. stimulating; decrease D. inhibiting; decrease
Ans: B
8. Angiotensin enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often essential in treating heart failure because ACE inhibitors A. stimulate renin production from the kidneys B. increase heart rate C. prevent the detrimental effects of epinephrine on the failing heart D. may increase life expectancy in people with heart failure E. all the above are true
Ans: D
10. In people with heart failure, the best drugs for reducing fluid accumulation and congestion in the lungs and peripheral tissues are A. alpha blockers B. beta blockers C. angiotensin II receptor blockers D. calcium channel blockers E. diuretics
Ans: E
4. Digitalis may exert some of its beneficial effects by decreasing heart rate via a(n) _______ in _______ stimulation of the heart. A. increase; parasympathetic B. decrease; sympathetic C. increase; sympathetic D. decrease; parasympathetic E. A and B are true
Ans: E