chapter 25
14) Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?
A) Extrinsic controls have the greatest effect on systemic blood pressure while intrinsic control have a greater effect on GFR.
12) If the glomerular mesangial cells contract, reducing the overall surface area of the glomerulus which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
A) Systemic blood pressure will be lowered.
2) What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
A) They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.
19) An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.
A) increase in the production of ADH
15) Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) via cotransporters that utilize secondary active transport. Which of the following would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?
A) loss of Na+-K+ ATPase in the basolateral surface of PCT cells
20) The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.
A) transitional
1) Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?
B) A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT.
11) If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus decrease (vasoconstriction) which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
B) Systemic blood pressure will go up.
5) The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following?
B) damage to the filtration membrane
7) Cells and transport proteins are physically prevented from passing through the filtration membrane. This has the following effect on filtration.
B) increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries that reduces the amount of filtration
10) If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction) which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
C) Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
9) If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
C) Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
8) If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
C) Systemic blood pressure will go up.
23) The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
C) arcuate
24) The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.
C) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
17) The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.
C) nephron loop
13) If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells. Which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
D) Kidney perfusion will increase
4) The relatively long half-life of lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) compared to water soluble hormones is due in part to the way that these hormones are passed into the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries. From the list below select the BEST explanation for why lipid soluble (steroid) hormones have a relatively long half-life.
D) Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannon pass through the filtration membrane.
18) Which of the following is NOT associated with the renal corpuscle?
D) a vasa recta
3) The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________.
D) aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule
21) The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.
D) by a decrease in the blood pressure
22) Which of the choices below is NOT a function of the urinary system?
D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
25) Select the correct statement about the ureters.
The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
6) Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the filtration membrane into the capsular space. All BUT ONE of the following statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular capillaries. Select the one statement that DOES NOT explain the high pressure within the glomerular capillaries.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole.
16) Bulk flow of nutrients, ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following EXCEPT one. Select the answer below that DOES NOT describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.
c) leaky tight junctions of peritubular capillary's endothelium
