Chapter 25 SmartBook

During World War II, _____ was banned from the consumer market altogether.

rubber.

The proliferation and expansion of war industries during World War II led many people to move from...

rural to urban areas.

In December 1944, at the Battle of ______, German forces inflicted more casualties on U.S. troops than in any other battle.

the Bulge.

As part of Operation Overlord, _____ was a massive Allied land and air invasion of German-occupied Normandy, France in June 1944.

D-Day.

What was the purpose of the War Production Board?

to incentivize U.S. businesses to produce material for the war effort.

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg trials?

to prosecute Nazis for their role in the Holocaust.

Why was President Truman interested in using the atomic bomb?

to quickly end the war in the Pacific.

Under the terms of the Selective Service Act, nine thousand men aged twenty to thirty-six had to ______.

undergo military training.

In 1939, American business leaders ______.

were divided about the war.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 gave the federal government wide latitude to to supply defense materiel to any country ______.

whose defense the president deemed vital to the defense of the United States.

During World War II, Americans were encouraged to help the war effort by doing which of the following?

-planting victory gardens. -recycling household items.

Which of the following were among the OWI's Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP) purposes?

-to censor any movies that criticized the U.S. war effort. -to encourage studios to produce prowar films for civilians.

Which of the following were among the purposes of the International Monetary Fund?

-to develop and regulate global finances. -to extend loans for postwar reconstruction.

The U.S. armed forces in World War II ______.

-was the largest citizen-soldier army the world had ever seen. -was culturally and ethnically diverse.

As a result of World War II and the Fair Employment Practices Commission, Black Americans ______.

-were hired in large numbers overall. -filled more than double the number of skilled positions they had held before.

As food demand soared in World War II and in need of an agricultural labor force, the U.S. government reversed its policy of expelling ____ nationals.

Mexican.

As part of the U.S. armed forces in World War II, more than four hundred _____ encoded vital messages and orders in their native language for the marines' signal corps.

Navajo.

In the early 1940s, American self-identified internationalists ______.

felt the United States had a moral obligation to stop the Nazis.

The result of Executive Order 9066 was that thousands of Japanese Americans were ______.

forcibly held in concentration camps.

American Corporations promoted the concept of the "Fifth Freedom" during World War II, meaning freedom ______.

from regulation.

The Battle of Midway was important because it ______.

helped the Allies take an area that Japan could have used as a military base.

Established in 1942, the Office of War Information's function was to ______.

promote the American war effort and American ideals.

Hitler flouted the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by _____ in 1935.

rearming and sending troops into the Rhineland.

Italy's Benito Mussolini was able to invade Ethiopia because ______.

the League of Nations was ineffective in trying to stop him.

In 1942, Japanese forces were focused on taking ______, a strategically important country with easy access to mineral-rich Australia.

the Philippines.

Operation Overlord called for a massive invasion to divert German troops from ______.

the Soviet Union.

The BMP emphasized that it was especially important that Hollywood films present what U.S. ally in a positive light?

the Soviet Union.

The allied countries known as the "Big Three" in World War II were ______.

the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain.

What two entities were established at the international conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in July 1944?

the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

What was Hitler's "Final Solution"?

the systematic slaughter of 6 million Jews.

The War Production Board preferred to work with big business because ______.

those businesses could deliver on a massive scale.

The Double V campaign called on the government to commit to victory in the war overseas and ______.

to end racism at home.

During World War II, the regions that saw the most population growth were areas with ______.

war production industries.

Operation Husky was an Allied drive into southern Europe via ______.

Sicily.

In 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on which two Japanese cities?

-Nagasaki. -Hiroshima.

In March 1939, Germany announced a mutual nonaggression pact with ______.

the Soviet Union.

What were two outcomes of Operation TORCH?

-Allied forces drove the Germans out of North Africa. -Military leaders realized that the Allied troops were inexperienced and inadequately trained.

Which of the following was true of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

-It made many American isolationists change their minds about becoming involved in the war. -It was a surprise attack.

What advantages did President Truman see in dropping the atomic bomb on Japan?

-It would make it unnecessary for the Soviets to enter the Pacific war. -Public support was virtually assured given anger over Pearl Harbor and animosity toward the Japanese. -It would avoid a massive land invasion and heavy American casualties.

Which of the following were outcomes of the Tehran Conference of 1943?

-The Big Three agreed to establish an international security organization. -The United States conceded that the Soviets could keep most of the Baltic states and much of Poland to create a security buffer with Germany.

By the end of 1939, FDR had persuaded Congress to authorize the United States to sell arms to European democracies on what two conditions?

-They had to collect the arms themselves. -They needed to pay cash.

What restrictions did Black men face in the U.S. armed forces during World War II?

-They were segregated and barred from combat. -They were often permitted to serve in the army only.

What were the primary roles that servicewomen filled in World War II?

-clerical workers. -nurses.

The Atlantic Charter (1941) recognized what three collective principles?

-collective security. -free trade. -national self-determination.

In addition to the Nazi genocide of European Jews, the Nazi war machine also specifically targeted which of the following?

-communists. -gay people. -people with disabilities.

At the 1939 World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York, business interests promoted the "American Way," which they presented as a blend of which of the following?

-consumerism. -technological innovation.

FDR's Four Freedoms speech envisioned a world founded on the freedoms of speech and worship and the freedoms from which of the following?

-fear. -economic want.

In 1941, ______leaders signed the Atlantic Charter, a blueprint for the postwar global order.

British and American.

In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin accepted Hitler's promise that he only planned to occupy a small, German-speaking region of ______.

Czechoslovakia.

Many Americans learned about the war and began questioning their isolationist stance as a result of reports from radio broadcaster ______.

Edward R. Murrow.

At the Yalta Conference, in February 1945, the Big Three agreed to demilitarize Germany and split it into four occupation zones (one for each signatory and one for _____) after the war.

France.

Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, FDR always assumed that an attack on the United States would come from ______.

Germany.

When its troops swarmed into Manchuria in northeast Asia in 1931, _____ became the first fascistic state to expand aggressively.

Japan.

Which country attacked the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in 1941?

Japan.

Without credible evidence, the U.S. government singled out _____ as high security risks during World War II.

Japanese Americans.

Adolf Hitler held ____ responsible for the Great Depression and other national woes.

Jews.

The top-secret American effort to develop an atomic bomb was known as the ______.

Manhattan Project.

Who were the braceros of World War II?

Mexican nationals who served as an agricultural labor force.

In November 1942, British and U.S. troops carried out Operation TORCH, which was an invasion of ______.

North Africa.

Colorful posters were slogans like "Loose Lips Sink Ships!" were produced by the ______.

Office of War Information.

Following the Tehran Conference in 1943, FDR compelled Churchill to expedite Operation ______.

Overlord.

The international panel of judges at the Nuremberg trials established which principle?

Personnel of any and all ranks may be held responsible for war crimes.

Which pledge made at the Yalta Conference was not honored?

Stalin committed to hold democratic elections in Soviet-occupied Poland.

The Battle of _____ in 1943 resulted in massive Allied casualties but proved the most decisive in weakening the German war effort.

Stalingrad.

What did the Women's Air Service Pilots (WASPs) do during World War II?

They delivered new U.S. Army Air Force planes from the factory to their U.S. bases.

The letter _____ was ubiquitous in advertising and fashion during World War II.

V (for victory).

Two days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, President Roosevelt ______.

affirmed U.S. neutrality.

In 1939, U.S. involvement in what would become World War II consisted of ______.

an officially neutral stance, but indirectly aiding the British war effort.

The Fair Employment Practices Commission enforced an executive order that businesses with government contracts ______.

could not discriminate on the basis of race.

The Selective Service Act of 1940 ______.

directed nine thousand men to undergo military training.