chapter 26

Pullman Strike

in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing

Gold Standered act

signed by McKinley. It stated that all paper money would be backed only by gold. This meant that the government had to hold gold in reserve in case people decided they wanted to trade in their money. Eliminated silver coins, but allowed paper Silver Certificates issued under the Bland-Allison Act to continue to circulate.

Cattle Trails

used to transport livestock from summer grazing areas in Texas to the railroads in Kansas

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners

Indians granted U.S citizenship

1924

Cross of Gold Speech

An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold.

Mark Hanna

An industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. The campaign manager of McKinley in the 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate.

James Weaver

He was the Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892; received only 8.2% of the vote. He was from the West.

Frederic Remington

Painter and sculptor, his works portrayed the cowboy as a natural aristocrat, living in a natural world in which all the normal supporting structures of "civilization" were missing.

Era of the Cowboy

Post Civil War era marked by long cattle drives over unfenced land.

Dingley Tariff Bill

Raised tariff pushed through in 1897 by Republicans who had contributed strongly to Mark Hanna's campaign. Lobbyists raised the average rates to 46.5 percent.

Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876

The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer's Last Stand, was an engagement between the combined forces of the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne tribes against the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. The most famous of all of the Indian Wars, the remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne occurred over two days on June 25-26, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in eastern Montana Territory. The U.S. cavalry detachment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, lost every soldier in his unit.

Turner Thesis

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the key factor in the development of American democracy and institutions; he maintained that the frontier served as a "safety valve" during periods of economic crisis.

16:1

The ratio of silver to gold promoted by Bryan's Democratic political platform in 1896.

Battle of Wounded Knee

US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.

Helen Hunt Jackson

United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885)