Chapter 26/27

Which hormone stimulates the ovarian follicle to begin to grow? A) FSH B) LH C) estrogen D) progesterone

A) FSH

Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is true? A) Some endocrine glands, like the pituitary, have other endocrine glands as their targets. B) The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones. C) The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions. D) Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.

A) Some endocrine glands, like the pituitary, have other endocrine glands as their targets.

How are hormones distributed to tissues, and what determines which cells hormones will affect? A) They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it. B) They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs. C) They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and affect the cells in those tissues. D) They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.

A) They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it.

The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from A) amino acids. B) cholesterol. C) nucleic acids. D) long-chain fatty acids.

A) amino acids.

Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system A) has a faster response, but the signal does not last as long. B) has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long. C) has a faster response with a longer-lasting signal. D) has a slower response with a longer-lasting signal

A) has a faster response, but the signal does not last as long.

Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels? A) parathyroid B) thyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) testes

A) parathyroid

Which of the following is a function of epinephrine? A) release of glucose from the liver B) decreased heart rate C) decreased metabolic rate D) increased digestive activities

A) release of glucose from the liver

What is an anabolic steroid and what is a corticosteroid?

Anabolic steroid - synthetic variations of testosterone, increase muscle mass and strength Corticosteroid - helps treat inflammation and increase metabolic functions (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids)

A peak in which hormone triggers ovulation? A) FSH B) LH C) estrogen D) progesterone

B) LH

Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress? A) pancreas B) adrenal C) pineal D) parathyroid

B) adrenal

Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and, consequently, a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood? A) insulin B) glucagon C) calcitonin D) oxytocin

B) glucagon

Prednisone is a synthetic version of what natural hormone that is often prescribed to individuals who are suffering from redness and swelling due to allergies? A) mineralocorticoid B) glucocorticoid C) estrogen D) progestin

B) glucocorticoid

Which molecule in this figure portraying water-soluble hormone action is the receptor protein? A) molecule A B) molecule B C) molecule C D) molecule D

B) molecule B

Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that A) control the formation of urine. B) regulate a variety of body functions, such as metabolism. C) are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes. D) function to prevent a variety of diseases, such as diabetes.

B) regulate a variety of body functions, such as metabolism.

Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones? A) adrenal medulla B) thyroid C) pineal D) ovary

B) thyroid

Which of the following hormones stimulates and maintains metabolic processes? A) calcitonin B) thyroxine C) oxytocin D) melatonin

B) thyroxine

An excess of T3 and T4 in the blood is hyperthyroidism, which in its most common form is called A) goiter. B) sterility. C) Graves' disease. D) botulism.

C) Graves' disease.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Hormones travel via specific pathways to specific cells, while electrical signals travel through the blood to all areas of the body. B) Effects of hormones last for brief periods of time, while effects of electrical signals last for long periods of time. C) It takes longer for hormones to be released into the bloodstream and taken to target cells than it does for electrical signals to be transmitted. D) Hormones have a direct connection with target cells, while electrical signals do not.

C) It takes longer for hormones to be released into the bloodstream and taken to target cells than it does for electrical signals to be transmitted.

Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates? A) parathyroid—stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids B) pancreas—stimulates growth of the uterine lining C) insulin—regulates blood glucose levels D) prolactin—manages blood potassium levels

C) insulin—regulates blood glucose levels

Which of the following hormones is released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus? A) estrogen B) growth hormone C) oxytocin D) calcitonin

C) oxytocin

Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood? A) liver B) pineal C) pancreas D) parathyroid

C) pancreas

Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposite effects? A) testosterone and melatonin B) progesterone and insulin C) parathyroid hormone and calcitonin D) oxytocin and prolactin

C) parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Neurosecretory cells A) coordinate the body's responses to stimuli such as dehydration, low blood glucose level, and stress. B) are restricted to the endocrine system. C) participate in the nervous and endocrine systems. D) produce hormones that will regulate nontarget cells.

C) participate in the nervous and endocrine systems.

The result of binding a signal molecule to its receptor is A) production of a protein by the target cell, followed by death. B) cell division. C) signal transduction. D) partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.

C) signal transduction.

What are phthalates and where are they found in our environment?

Chemicals to imitate female sex hormone estrogen and binds to receptors to increase flexibility of high molecular weight polymers (like softening of PVC), used to make children's toys to make plastic soft, cosmetics to enhance smells

Which of the following statements about glands and hormones is true? A) The anterior pituitary produces multiple hormones that affect activity of other endocrine glands and cells of the body. B) The posterior pituitary produces melatonin, which helps regulate biological rhythms. C) The pineal gland is the master control center of the endocrine system. D) The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.

D) The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.

Which of the following glands is/are located nearest the kidneys? A) ovaries B) pancreas C) pineal glands D) adrenal glands

D) adrenal glands

Glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation, but they can also cause liver cells to produce extra sugar. This could lead to high blood sugar levels and bring about steroid-produced ________. A) gigantism B) androgen insensitivity C) hyperthyroidism D) diabetes mellitus

D) diabetes mellitus

Biological responses to stress are enabled by the adrenal glands. If on your birthday your friends hid inside your house to surprise you with a collective "Happy birthday!" when you opened the door, you would experience short-term stress. Which action of the adrenal glands would help you overcome this surprise stress? A) suppressed immune system and increased blood volume B) increased alertness and increased blood glucose C) retention of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and increased metabolic rate D) increased blood pressure and breathing rate

D) increased blood pressure and breathing rate

Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell-signaling process in the correct order? A) reception, response, signal transduction B) signal transduction, reception, response C) signal transduction, response, reception D) reception, signal transduction, response

D) reception, signal transduction, response

What are intersex fish and what in the environment do scientists believe is the source of these conditions?

Fish that are no longer male, also shows female characteristics Happens in cities with large universities, lots of sex, lots of birth control in the water

Does testosterone lead to more muscle cells or larger muscle cells?

Leads to more muscle cells

Which hormone leads to milk production?

Prolactin