Chapter 27: Face-Negotiation Theory

What are two primary ways in which we might interpret face?

Face concern: Interest in maintaining one's face or the face of others Face need: Desire to be associated or disassociated with others

What was Goffmann's definition of face, to what context did he apply this concept and how did Ting-Toomey extend the concept to another context?

Face is a metaphor for the public image people display.

How was FNT evaluated in terms of heurism?

Highly heuristic

What are the differences between individualistic and collectivistic cultures?

Individualistic cultures place emphasis on the individual over the group. Collectivistic cultures place emphasis on the group over the individual.

What are the five primary conflict management strategies?

1. Avoiding: Staying away from disagreements 2. Obliging: Satisfying the needs of others 3. Compromising: A behavior that employs give-and-take to achieve a middle-road resolution 4. Dominating: Using influence or authority to make decisions 5. Integrating: Collaborating with others to find solutions

FNT is the combination of concepts from what areas?

1. Politeness 2. Intercultural communication 3. Conflict 4. Facework

What are 3 assumptions of FNT?

1. Self identity is important in interpersonal interactions, with individuals negotiating their identities differently across cultures. 2. The management of conflict is mediated by face and culture. 3. Certain acts threaten one's projected self-image (face threatening acts)

What is "facework" and what counts as facework?

Actions used to deal with face needs/wants of self and others. TEST QUESTION (includes verbal and nonverbal strategies)

What is the role of Politeness Theory in FNT?

Contends that people will use a politeness strategy based on the perception of a face threat.

How does management of conflict differ between cultures? Compare US to other cultures

Culture is different Solution oriented. Began with the chinese

What are universal face needs?

Positive face: Desire to be liked and admired by others Negative face: Desire to be autonomous and free from others

What are the differences among tact, solidarity, and approbation facework?

Tact facework: Extent to which a person respects another's autonomy. Solidarity facework: Accepting another as a member of an in-group. Approbation facework: Focusing less on the negative aspects and more on the positive aspects of another. TEST QUESTIONS