chapter 27 history
Redlining
A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, redlining is officially illegal.
Henry Wallace
A former Democratic who ran on the New Progressive Party due to his disagreement on Truman's policy with the Soviets. He caused the Democratic party to split even more during the election season.
Buffer zone
A means by which planners use space to separate two adjoining districts which have incompatible uses. A buffer zone consists of uses which are compatible with uses in each adjoining district.
Hubert Humphrey
A prominent liberal senator from Minnesota dedicated to the promotion of civil rights, he served as Johnson's vice-president from 1964-68 and ran an unsuccessful personal campaign for the presidency in 1968.
World Bank
A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Central Intelligence Agency
An agency created after World War II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad. It became involved in intrigue, conspiracy, and meddling as well.
International Monetary Fund
An international organization of 183 countries, established in 1947 with the goal of promoting cooperation and exchange between nations, and to aid the growth of international trade.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An international organization of 183 countries, established in 1947 with the goal of promoting cooperation and exchange between nations, and to aid the growth of international trade.
National Security Council
An office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisers. Its formal members are the president, vice president, secretary of state, and secretary of defense, and it is managed by the president's national security assistant.
Strom Thurmond
Democratic governor of South Carolina who headed the State's Rights Party (Dixiecrats); he ran for president in 1948 against Truman and his mild civil rights proposals and eventually joined the Republican Party.
GI Bill of Rights
Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education
The Fair Deal
Made by Truman in his 1949 message to Congress. It was a program that called for improved housing , full employment, higher minimum wage, better farm price supports, new TVA's, and the extension of social security. Its only successes: raised the minimum wage, better public housing, extended old-age insurance to more people.
McCarthyism
The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.
The Election of 1948
Truman faced a daunting challenge in 1948. Republicans had won control of Congress in 1946 and appeared to be ready to win back the White House with their nominee Thomas Dewey. The Democrats hoped to dump Truman and draft Eisenhower (who declined to run). Then the Democrats split three ways: Strom Thurmond led a walkout of Southern Democrats offended by Truman's support for civil rights (Thurmond won four Southern states.) Henry Wallace, opposed to Truman's strong Cold War position, led the left wing of the Democratic party into the new Progressive party. Truman, however, refused to concede. He ran an aggressive whistle-stop campaign, giving the "Do-Nothing" Republican Congress "hell" for its passage of the Taft-Hartley Act and speaking in favor of civil rights and health insurance. He won.
Second Red Scare
Post World War II resurgence of Anti-communist sentiment that influenced governmental and personal actions
Tom Dewey
Ran as Republican candidate for president in '44 AND '48 and lost both times.
General Matthew Ridgeway
Replaced MacArthur in Korea
Berlin blockade
The blockade was a Soviet attempt to starve out the allies in Berlin in order to gain supremacy. The blockade was a high point in the Cold War, and it led to the Berlin Airlift.
Korean War
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
Jackie Robinson
The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.
Atomic Energy Commission
a former executive agency (from 1946 to 1974) that was responsible for research into atomic energy and its peacetime uses in the United States
Hydrogen bomb
a nuclear weapon that releases atomic energy by union of light (hydrogen) nuclei at high temperatures to form helium
Council of Economic Advisers
a three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy
Council of Economic Advisors
a three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy
The World Bank
an organization whose main aims are to provide aid and advice to developing countries, as well as reducing poverty levels and encouraging and safeguarding international investment.
Federal Civil Defense Administration
encouraged Americans to build bomb shelters and prepare for nuclear war
The Housing Act of 1949
gave federal money to build more than 800,000 public housing units
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
A congressional committee created to search out disloyal Americans and Communists.
General Mark Clark
Commander of the 5th Am
Secretary of State Dean Acheson
He forgot to mention South Korea when discussing American security interests in the Pacific, which may have encouraged the North Koreas to attack, feeling that the US would not go to war to protect the South Koreans. The North Koreans did attack in June of 1950.
General Douglas MacArthur
He was one of the most-known American military leaders of WW2(He liberated the Phillipines and made the Japanese surrender at Tokyo in 1945, also he drove back North Korean invaders during the Korean War)
Dixiecrats
southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party.
BabyBoom
the highest birth rate period
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 52. The Hollywood Ten
was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security"
Mao Zedong
(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.
Truman Doctrine
(HT) , 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
Taft-Hartley Act
(HT) 1947, , The Act was passed over the veto of Harry S. Truman on the 23rd June, 1947. When it was passed by Congress, Truman denounced it as a "slave-labor bill". The act declared the closed shop illegal and permitted the union shop only after a vote of a majority of the employees. It also forbade jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts. Other aspects of the legislation included the right of employers to be exempted from bargaining with unions unless they wished to. The act forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns and required union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party. This aspect of the act was upheld by the Supreme Court on 8th May, 1950.
Cold War
A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.
"Old Soldiers Never Die..." Speech (1951)
1951 - Douglass MacArthur after getting fired by Truman... representative of how democrats are seen as weak after Korea... people want victory and republicans promise that
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
Harry S Truman
Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb
Employment Act of 1946
Enacted by Truman, it committed the federal government to ensuring economic growth and established the Council of Economic Advisors to confer with the president and formulate policies for maintaining employment, production, and purchasing power
levittown
In 1947, William Levitt used mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in surburban New York to help relieve the postwar housing shortage. Levittown became a symbol of the movement to the suburbs in the years after WWII.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
In 1949, the United States, Canada, and ten European nations formed this military mutual-defense pact. In 1955, the Soviet Union countered NATO with the formation of the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance among those nations within its own sphere of influence.
George Kennan's "long telegram"
how to deal with Soviets; will never be U.S.'s friend (so against Capitalism); "containment"; can use other military means
Taft-Hartely Act of 1947
non-union members can't be discriminated against; unions could not coerce non-union members to join union
Robert Taft
original Republican candidate for election of 1952; Republican Leader of the Senate from OH; was too extreme to be elected, so Republicans dropped him
