Chapter 27: Review

an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in 1949; headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

the first president of South Korea and its leader during the Korean War

Syngman Rhee

a US federal law that continues to monitor the activities and power of labor unions

Taft-Hartley Act

led the liberal faction of the Republican Party; played a major role in securing the Republican nomination for General Dwight Eisenhower

Thomas Dewey

Shortly after WWII, there was a sharp rise in labor unrest by major strikes in the automobile, electrical, steel, and coal industries.

True

The US originally offered to include the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites in the Marshall Plan for economic recovery.

True

True or False? At the Tehran Conference in November 1943, despite some tensions and unresolved issues, FDR and Stalin established a cordial personal relationship, and the USSR agreed to enter the war in the Pacific after the end of hostilities in Europe.

True

True or False? At the Yalta Conference, Stalin Churchill, and FDR agreed to the basic plan for the UN, which included a Security Council with permanent membership for the US, Great Britain, France, China, and the USSR.

True

a policy set forth by a US president stating that the US would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere

Truman Doctrine

officially came into existence in 1945 upon ratification of its charter by the 5 permanent members of the Security Council-- France, China, USSR, UK, and US

United Nations

a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist state sin Eastern Europe

Warsaw Pact

an American Communist Party member and Soviet spy, he later renounced communism and became its outspoken opponent

Whittaker Chambers

1945 wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union

Yalta Conference

a US policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America's security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect"

containment

beginning in 1950, he became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread communist subversion

Joseph McCarthy

American communists who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, author, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution

Mao Zedong

the large-scale economic program of the US for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Europe ravaged by WWII

Marshall Plan

the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence

McCarthyism

influential American National Security Council statement on Cold War policy

NSC-68

reshaped the nation's major military and diplomatic institutions in 1947; created the Department of Defense, the National Security Council, and the Central Intelligence Agency

National Security Act

accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950

Alger Hiss

intended as the blueprint for the postwar world after WWII; turned out to be the foundation for many of the international agreements that currently shape the world

Atlantic Charter

American army general and head of the UN forces during the Korean War

Douglas MacArthur

Truman's twenty-one-point program of domestic legislation outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of economic development and social welfare

Fair Deal

As soon as Chiang Kai-shek and his forces fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan), the US officially recognized Mao Zedong's regime as the government of mainland China.

False

President Truman's "Fair Deal," including the Taft-Hartley Act, was designed mainly as a conservative reaction to the reforms of the New Deal.

False

The NSC-68 report was rejected by President Truman because it pointed out the high cost of containment and suggested that an arms race would delay economic recovery.

False

The communist victory in China in 1949 increased US resolve to keep Japan economically weak so that the Japanese would not be tempted to renew aggression against China.

False

The investigation by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) exposed convincing evidence that communist agents had thoroughly infiltrated the US Department of State during WWII while the US was officially allied with the Soviet Union against Germany.

False

The specific conflict that inspired President Truman to issue the "Truman Doctrine" involved a dispute between Poland and Hungary.

False

an American adviser, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War

George F. Kennan

committee of nine representatives who investigated suspected threats of subversion or propaganda that attacked the American form of government

House Un-American Activities Committee